Nutraceuticals have been evaluated for their ability to protect and heal the gastrointestinal mucosa, especially in adverse conditions. Thus, the present study evaluated the effect of a nutraceutical diet composed of bovine first milk secretion in the intestinal health of juvenile Piaractus mesopotamicus subjected to high stocking density. Juveniles (140 ± 10 g) distributed into 16 cages and stocked at 50 kg m⁻³ were fed twice daily with a pelleted and semi-purified diet containing nutraceutical food (NF) in increasing levels, being 0, 10, 20, and 30% of inclusion (n = 4). Quantification of goblet cells containing neutral, acidic (including sialo and sulfomucins) and acidic-neutral mucins, volume (Vv), and surface density (Sv) of the mucosa and thickness of the internal circular muscle layer was determined after 28 experimental days in the middle gut and rectum (RT). The apoptotic rate was analyzed qualitatively according to the intensity (high, medium, and low) of caspase-3 immunostaining in epithelial cells. Performance parameters were not affected by the inclusion of NF in the diets. Juveniles fed 20% and 30% of NF showed a lower number of goblet cells containing sulfomucins than juveniles fed 0% and 10% of NF (P = 0.01) in the RT. In the last segment of the middle gut (S2) and RT, the intensity of caspase-3 immunostaining in enterocytes was inversely related to the concentration of NF added in the diet. The inclusion of 20% and 30% of nutraceutical food in the diet of P. mesopotamicus reduced the rate of apoptosis and the number of goblet cells containing sulfomucin in the last intestinal segments of juveniles subjected to high stocking density, mitigating the effects caused by the adverse condition and being, therefore, beneficial for intestinal health.

已评估了保健食品在胃肠道粘膜中的保护和治愈能力，尤其是在不利条件下。因此，本研究评估了由牛初乳分泌物组成的营养食品在高放养密度下对中型小头实蝇的肠道健康的影响。每天向幼鱼（140±10 g）分布在16个网箱中，以50 kg m ^-3的饲养量喂食两次颗粒状和半纯化的日粮，该日粮中所含营养食品（NF）的含量逐渐增加，分别为0、10、20和30夹杂物百分比（n  = 4）。定量含有中性，酸性（包括唾液酸和磺胺菌素）和酸性中性粘蛋白，体积（Vv）和表面密度（在中肠和直肠（RT）实验28天后，确定粘膜的Sv）和内部环形肌层的厚度。根据上皮细胞中caspase-3免疫染色的强度（高，中和低）定性分析凋亡率。在饲料中添加NF不会影响性能参数。 在RT中，饲喂20％和30％NF的幼虫显示的含有磺胺菌素的杯状细胞的数量要少于饲喂0％和10％NF的幼虫（P = 0.01）。在中肠（S2）和RT的最后部分，肠细胞中caspase-3免疫染色的强度与饮食中添加的NF浓度成反比。美索不动杆菌日粮中包含20％和30％的营养食品 降低了高种群密度幼体最后一个肠段的凋亡率和含磺胺菌素的杯状细胞的数量，减轻了不利条件引起的影响，因此对肠道健康有益。