In the present work, a remediation bioprocess based on the use of a native isolate of Chlorella vulgaris immobilized in an alginate matrix inside a polylactic acid (PLA) device is proposed. This microalga immobilized in alginate beads was previously shown to be useful for the reduction of several chemical and microbial contaminants present in the highly polluted water from the Matanza–Riachuelo watershed. However, these beads had a relatively short shelf life in the natural environment. To overcome this limitation, a 3D-printed PLA device was designed. PLA is a biocompatible and biodegradable material suitable for biotechnological applications. We used Erlenmeyers and stirred-tank bioreactors fed batch with Murashige Skoog (MS) culture medium or water from the Cildáñez stream (one of the water bodies of the aforementioned watershed) to estimate the growth kinetics parameters and the bioremediation capacity of immobilized-microalgal cells as an unconfined system (UcS) or a confined system (CfS) inside PLA devices on Cildáñez water. Although alga’s growth parameters were maximum in the UcS fed with MS medium as substrate, successful bioremediation of the target water was possible using the CfS: all inorganic nitrogen forms and total phosphorus were reduced at least by 90% after 5 days of bioprocess in an agitated bioreactor, whereas aerobic mesophilic bacteria decreased by about 85%. The number of coliforms also decreased. Standardized cytotoxicity tests using Allium cepa seeds carried out to prove the effectiveness of the bioremediation process, confirmed the high degree of decontamination achieved by the use of immobilized microalga confined in a 3D-printable PLA-device.

中文翻译：

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开发和测试可 3D 打印的聚乳酸装置，以优化水生物修复过程。


在目前的工作中，提出了一种基于使用固定在聚乳酸（PLA）装置内的藻酸盐基质中的普通小球藻天然分离物的修复生物过程。这种固定在藻酸盐珠中的微藻先前被证明可用于减少马坦萨-里亚丘埃洛流域高度污染水中存在的几种化学和微生物污染物。然而，这些珠子在自然环境中的保质期相对较短。为了克服这一限制，设计了一种 3D 打印的 PLA 设备。 PLA 是一种适合生物技术应用的生物相容性和可生物降解材料。我们使用 Erlenmeyers 和搅拌槽生物反应器分批补料 Murashige Skoog (MS) 培养基或来自 Cildáñez 溪流（上述流域的水体之一）的水，以估计固定微藻细胞的生长动力学参数和生物修复能力作为 Cildáñez 水上 PLA 装置内的无约束系统 (UcS) 或约束系统 (CfS)。虽然藻类的生长参数在以 MS 培养基为底物的 UcS 中达到最大，但使用 CfS 可以成功地对目标水进行生物修复：在搅拌的生物过程中进行 5 天后，所有无机氮形式和总磷至少减少 90%生物反应器中，而好氧嗜温细菌减少了约85%。大肠菌群的数量也减少了。使用洋葱种子进行标准化细胞毒性测试，以证明生物修复过程的有效性，证实了通过使用限制在 3D 打印 PLA 装置中的固定微藻实现了高度净化。