The study of fine particles (PM2.5) and its relationship with health has not been much explored in Brazil. Only with Resolution CONAMA 491/2018 that PM2.5 was nationally considered a pollutant of interest, while the World Health Organization brings guidelines for its environmental concentration since 2006. PM2.5 monitoring in Brazil is still restricted to few Southeast municipalities. From Brazilian time series epidemiological studies that studied PM2.5 and its relationship with health, mainly due to respiratory causes, air quality modeling was mostly employed. This paper aims to survey epidemiological studies already carried out for PM2.5 in Brazil, discussing the use of monitored and modeled data for this purpose. The use of relative risks to estimate excess mortality and morbidity is also evidenced as a direct measure to quantify the benefits associated with air quality improvement, and an estimate for Brazilian municipalities is performed. Finally, the importance of well-designed emission control strategies is emphasized so that the health benefits of improving air quality are indeed significant.

中文翻译：

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细颗粒物作为巴西公共卫生指标：从监测到建模

巴西对细颗粒物（PM2.5）及其与健康的关系的研究还没有太多探索。仅在 CONAMA 491/2018 号决议中，PM2.5 在全国范围内被认为是一种重要的污染物，而世界卫生组织自 2006 年起就其环境浓度提出了指导方针。巴西的 PM2.5 监测仍仅限于少数东南部城市。从研究 PM2.5 及其与健康关系（主要由呼吸原因引起）的巴西时间序列流行病学研究中，主要采用空气质量模型。本文旨在调查巴西已针对 PM2.5 开展的流行病学研究，讨论为此目的使用监测和建模数据。使用相对风险来估计超额死亡率和发病率也被证明是量化与空气质量改善相关的好处的直接措施，并且对巴西市政当局进行了估计。最后，强调了精心设计的排放控制策略的重要性，因此改善空气质量对健康的益处确实显着。