The adoption of carbon dioxide removal (CDR) technologies at a scale sufficient to draw down carbon emissions will require both individual and collective decisions that happen over time in different locations to enable a massive scale-up. Members of the public and other decision-makers have not yet formed strong attitudes, beliefs and preferences about most of the individual CDR technologies or taken positions on policy mechanisms and tax-payer support for CDR. Much of the current discourse among scientists, policy analysts and policy-makers about CDR implicitly assumes that decision-makers will exhibit unbiased, rational behaviour that weighs the costs and benefits of CDR. In this paper, we review behavioural decision theory and discuss how public reactions to CDR will be different from and more complex than that implied by rational choice theory. Given that people do not form attitudes and opinions in a vacuum, we outline how fundamental social normative principles shape important intergroup, intragroup and social network processes that influence support for or opposition to CDR technologies. We also point to key insights that may help stakeholders craft public outreach strategies that anticipate the nuances of how people evaluate the risks and benefits of CDR approaches. Finally, we outline critical research questions to understand the behavioural components of CDR to plan for an emerging public response.

以足以减少碳排放的规模采用二氧化碳去除 (CDR) 技术将需要随着时间的推移在不同地点发生的个人和集体决策，以实现大规模扩大规模。公众和其他决策者尚未对大多数个别 CDR 技术形成强烈的态度、信念和偏好，或对政策机制和纳税人对 CDR 的支持采取立场。当前科学家、政策分析师和政策制定者之间关于 CDR 的大部分讨论都隐含地假设决策者将表现出公正、理性的行为，权衡 CDR 的成本和收益。在本文中，我们回顾了行为决策理论，并讨论了公众对 CDR 的反应将如何与理性选择理论所暗示的反应不同且更为复杂。鉴于人们不会在真空中形成态度和意见，我们概述了基本的社会规范原则如何塑造重要的群体间、群体内和社会网络过程，这些过程会影响对 CDR 技术的支持或反对。我们还指出了可以帮助利益相关者制定公共外展策略的关键见解，这些策略可以预测人们如何评估 CDR 方法的风险和收益的细微差别。最后，我们概述了关键的研究问题，以了解 CDR 的行为组成部分，从而为新出现的公众响应制定计划。我们还指出了可以帮助利益相关者制定公共外展策略的关键见解，这些策略可以预测人们如何评估 CDR 方法的风险和收益的细微差别。最后，我们概述了关键的研究问题，以了解 CDR 的行为组成部分，从而为新出现的公众响应制定计划。我们还指出了可以帮助利益相关者制定公共外展策略的关键见解，这些策略可以预测人们如何评估 CDR 方法的风险和收益的细微差别。最后，我们概述了关键的研究问题，以了解 CDR 的行为组成部分，从而为新出现的公众响应制定计划。