The outbreak of a new virus known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has now become the main health concern all over the world. Since effective antiviral treatments have not been developed until now, SARS-CoV-2 is severely affecting countries and territories around the world. At the present review, articles in PubMed were searched with the following terms: mesenchymal stem cells, exosomes, coronavirus, and SARS-CoV-2, either alone or in a combination form. The most relevant selected functions were mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes and SARS-CoV-2 virus infection. SARS-CoV-2 could damage pulmonary cells and induce secretion of different types of inflammatory cytokines. In the following, these cytokines trigger inflammation that damages the lungs and results in lethal acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The main characteristic of ARDS is the onset of inflammation in pulmonary, hyaline formation, pulmonary fibrosis, and edema. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-Exo) are believed to have anti-inflammatory effects and immune-modulating capacity as well as the ability to induce tissue regeneration, suggesting a significant therapeutic opportunity that could be used to SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia treatment. Besides, exosomes may serve as a biomarker, drug delivery system, and vaccine for the management of the patient with SARS-CoV-2. MSC-Exo may serve as a promising tool in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. However, further work needs to be carried out to confirm the efficacy of exosomes in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia.

中文翻译：

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间充质干细胞来源的外泌体在 SARS-CoV-2 肺炎中的潜在治疗应用。

一种被称为严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 的新病毒的爆发现已成为全世界主要的健康问题。由于迄今为止尚未开发出有效的抗病毒治疗方法，SARS-CoV-2 正在严重影响世界各国和地区。在本次综述中，PubMed 中的文章使用以下术语进行搜索：间充质干细胞、外泌体、冠状病毒和 SARS-CoV-2，单独或组合形式。最相关的选定功能是间充质干细胞衍生的外泌体和 SARS-CoV-2 病毒感染。SARS-CoV-2 可损伤肺细胞并诱导不同类型炎症细胞因子的分泌。接下来，这些细胞因子会引发炎症，损害肺部并导致致命的急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）。ARDS的主要特征是肺部出现炎症、肺透明形成、肺纤维化和水肿。间充质干细胞衍生的外泌体（MSC-Exo）被认为具有抗炎作用和免疫调节能力以及诱导组织再生的能力，这表明可用于治疗 SARS-CoV-2 肺炎的重要治疗机会治疗。此外，外泌体可以作为生物标志物、药物输送系统和疫苗来治疗 SARS-CoV-2 患者。MSC-Exo 可能成为治疗 SARS-CoV-2 肺炎的有前途的工具。然而，还需要开展进一步的工作来证实外泌体治疗 SARS-CoV-2 肺炎的功效。