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Access to the triplet excited states of organic chromophores.
Chemical Society Reviews ( IF 40.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-14 , DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00484g Devika Sasikumar 1 , Athira T John 1 , Jeswin Sunny 1 , Mahesh Hariharan 1
Chemical Society Reviews ( IF 40.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-14 , DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00484g Devika Sasikumar 1 , Athira T John 1 , Jeswin Sunny 1 , Mahesh Hariharan 1
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Over the last several decades, exploring the pathways to access the triplet excited states of organic chromophores has been a stimulating area of research. Among the numerous photoinduced processes in organic chromophores, analysis of intersystem crossing (ISC) dynamics has received immense attention. The ISC process involves a spin-forbidden horizontal transition from an excited singlet state to a higher vibrational level of the isoenergetic triplet state. Generally, ISC necessitates a strong driving force from efficient spin–orbit coupling (SOC) between the singlet and triplet wavefunctions. The magnitude of SOC can be tuned by the substituent groups (e.g. heavy atoms, carbonyl moieties) or by the out-of-plane vibrational modes in the chromophores. Besides the SOC induced ISC pathway, triplet excited states are also realised in organic chromophores through singlet fission or via charge recombination. Accessing the triplet manifold in π-conjugated systems would also include a possible evolution to more aromatically stable configurations in the excited states, an emerging area that needs attention. In the aforesaid mechanisms, the molecular architecture and/or packing arrangement of the chromophores are vital for the effective population of triplet states. We, herein, present a collection of synthetic, spectroscopic and theoretical investigations that provide insights into the diverse pathways to access triplet excited states in organic chromophores. We believe this tutorial review would prove beneficial for researchers to achieve triplet excited states of organic chromophores for numerous biochemical and optoelectronic applications.
中文翻译：
进入有机发色团的三重激发态。
在过去的几十年中，探索进入有机发色团的三重激发态的途径一直是一个令人兴奋的研究领域。在有机生色团的众多光致过程中，系统间交叉（ISC）动力学分析受到了极大的关注。ISC过程涉及从激发单重态到等能三重态的更高振动水平的自旋禁止水平跃迁。通常，ISC必须通过单重态和三重态波函数之间的有效自旋轨道耦合（SOC）提供强大的驱动力。SOC的大小可以通过取代基进行调整（例如重原子，羰基部分）或发色团中的平面外振动模式。除了SOC诱导的ISC途径外，还通过单线裂变或通过有机发色团实现了三重激发态电荷重组。访问π共轭体系中的三重态歧管还将包括可能演化为激发态下更稳定的芳香构型，这是一个需要引起关注的新兴领域。在上述机制中，发色团的分子结构和/或堆积安排对于有效地激发三重态是至关重要的。我们在这里提出了一系列合成，光谱和理论研究，提供了对进入有机发色团中三重态激发态的多种途径的见解。我们认为，本教程复习将证明对研究人员实现众多生化和光电应用中有机发色团的三重激发态有益。
更新日期：2020-09-01
中文翻译：
进入有机发色团的三重激发态。
在过去的几十年中，探索进入有机发色团的三重激发态的途径一直是一个令人兴奋的研究领域。在有机生色团的众多光致过程中，系统间交叉（ISC）动力学分析受到了极大的关注。ISC过程涉及从激发单重态到等能三重态的更高振动水平的自旋禁止水平跃迁。通常，ISC必须通过单重态和三重态波函数之间的有效自旋轨道耦合（SOC）提供强大的驱动力。SOC的大小可以通过取代基进行调整（例如重原子，羰基部分）或发色团中的平面外振动模式。除了SOC诱导的ISC途径外，还通过单线裂变或通过有机发色团实现了三重激发态电荷重组。访问π共轭体系中的三重态歧管还将包括可能演化为激发态下更稳定的芳香构型，这是一个需要引起关注的新兴领域。在上述机制中，发色团的分子结构和/或堆积安排对于有效地激发三重态是至关重要的。我们在这里提出了一系列合成，光谱和理论研究，提供了对进入有机发色团中三重态激发态的多种途径的见解。我们认为，本教程复习将证明对研究人员实现众多生化和光电应用中有机发色团的三重激发态有益。
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