Bone growth and metabolism are mainly regulated by a series of intracellular molecules and extracellular stimuli. Exosome, as a nanoscale substance secreted to the outside of the cells, plays an extensive role in intercellular communication. This review provides theoretical references and evidences for further exploration of exosomes as noncoding RNA carriers to regulate bone tissue recovery through the following aspects: (1) basic characteristics of exosomes, (2) research progress of exosomal noncoding RNA in bone tissue engineering, (3) current status and advantages of engineering exosomes as nanocarriers for noncoding RNA delivery, and (4) problems and application prospects of exosome therapy in the field of orthopedics.

中文翻译：

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外泌体：一种新型的纳米载体，为骨骼组织工程提供非编码RNA。

骨骼的生长和代谢主要受一系列细胞内分子和细胞外刺激的调节。外泌体是一种分泌到细胞外部的纳米级物质，在细胞间通讯中起着广泛的作用。这篇综述为进一步探索外泌体作为非编码RNA载体通过以下方面调节骨组织恢复提供了理论参考和证据：（1）外泌体的基本特征，（2）外泌体非编码RNA在骨组织工程中的研究进展，（3 ）工程外泌体作为用于非编码RNA递送的纳米载体的现状和优势，以及（4）外泌体治疗在整形外科领域的问题和应用前景。