This study investigates the possibility of applying an adsorption process using two abundant natural minerals M1 and M2. Without pretreatment or activation, the adsorbents were used to treat real textile wastewater samples (collected from Fez city, Morocco). As a cost-effective alternative, these materials were characterized by different analyses, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). Chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand (BOD) were used to characterize the textile wastewater. Additionally, the influence of operating conditions (contact time, adsorbent dosages, and pH) was evaluated. Results show that the adsorption process takes place quickly, reaching the equilibrium at 90 and 160 min for M1 (88% COD) and M2 (79% COD). Both materials show a higher affinity to Cr (39%) and lower affinity to Cu (28%). A pseudo-second-order kinetic model provides the best fit to the experimental adsorption data. Germination tests indicate a low toxicity after the adsorption process. Performance of both materials was compared with that of other literature studies.

中文翻译：

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两种天然环保吸附剂去除纺织废水的吸附研究

本研究调查了使用两种丰富的天然矿物 M1 和 M2 应用吸附过程的可能性。在没有预处理或活化的情况下，吸附剂用于处理真正的纺织废水样品（从摩洛哥非斯市收集）。作为一种具有成本效益的替代品，这些材料通过不同的分析进行表征，包括 X 射线衍射 (XRD)、扫描电子显微镜 (SEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱 (FTIR) 和 X 射线荧光 (XRF)。化学需氧量（COD）和生物需氧量（BOD）被用来表征纺织废水。此外，还评估了操作条件（接触时间、吸附剂剂量和 pH 值）的影响。结果表明吸附过程发生得很快，M1 (88% COD) 和 M2 (79% COD) 在 90 和 160 分钟达到平衡。两种材料对 Cr 的亲和力较高 (39%)，而对 Cu 的亲和力较低 (28%)。伪二级动力学模型提供了对实验吸附数据的最佳拟合。发芽试验表明吸附过程后毒性低。将两种材料的性能与其他文献研究的性能进行了比较。