Graphene is one the most promising two-dimensional materials for functional electromagnetic components. Harnessing graphene’s high third-order nonlinearity, a standing-wave resonant system is proposed that realizes low-power and high-conversion-efficiency degenerate four-wave mixing in the THz regime. The proposed system is analyzed in depth, using a recently developed nonlinear framework based on the perturbation theory and temporal coupled-mode theory, which allows for efficient design, accurate results, and physical insight into the system performance. Following robust design guidelines derived from the developed framework, a clear design path is highlighted, covering two possible realizations of the coupling scheme using one or two waveguides as physical ports. The two systems are compared on the basis of input power and conversion efficiency performance metrics, accurately extracted taking into account all relevant nonlinear phenomena including the nonlinear resonance frequency shifts due to self- and cross-phase modulation in graphene, owing to the Kerr effect. The reported values of 10% conversion efficiency and sub-mW power requirements are highly promising for practical applications, highlighting the potential of graphene-based structures in the far-infrared.

中文翻译：

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使用驻波石墨烯谐振器在太赫兹范围内简并四波混频

石墨烯是功能电磁组件中最有前途的二维材料之一。利用石墨烯的高三阶非线性，提出了一种驻波共振系统，该系统可以在太赫兹频率范围内实现低功率，高转换效率的简并四波混频。使用最近开发的基于扰动理论和时间耦合模式理论的非线性框架，对提出的系统进行了深入分析，从而可以进行有效的设计，准确的结果以及对系统性能的物理了解。遵循从已开发框架中获得的稳健设计准则，强调了一条清晰的设计路径，涵盖了使用一个或两个波导作为物理端口的耦合方案的两种可能实现。在输入功率和转换效率性能指标的基础上对这两个系统进行了比较，并考虑到所有相关的非线性现象，包括由于Kerr效应在石墨烯中进行自相位和交叉相位调制而产生的非线性谐振频率偏移，从而精确地提取了这两个系统。报告的10％转换效率和低于mW的功率要求值在实际应用中非常有前途，突出了石墨烯基结构在远红外领域的潜力。