ABSTRACT In order to foster the adoption of temperature and precipitation variability (TPV) adapting practices by smallholders, it is essential to comprehend their views of TPV. However, few empirical studies have investigated how smallholders perceive TPV in Vietnam. This study investigates smallholders’ attitudes towards TPV and their adapting practices in South Central Vietnam. A random sampling strategy was used to select 250 cereal smallholders for interviews and a structured questionnaire was developed to collect data. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were used. The study results show that smallholders had experienced TPV. They perceived that TPV have increased farming losses, labour costs in cereal fields, the costs of pest/weed control, the costs of water management, and the application rate of chemical inputs. The smallholders were adopting traditional adapting methods to reduce unexpected impacts of TPV on their cereal-based farming systems. Key adapting methods identified include: (1) dredging and restoration of irrigation canals; (2) planting of drought resistant cereal varieties; (3) usage of wells and water pumps for irrigation; and (4) early planting. A statistically significant relationship, existing between the cereal smallholders’ perceptions of TPV and their education level (Pearson = 0.152, p = 0.016), income (Pearson = 0.108, p = 0.088), farm size (Pearson = 0.196; p = 0.002), gender (Eta = 0.184, p = 0.004), agricultural practices (Eta = 0.246, p = 0.000), information and communication technology own (Eta = 0.151, p = 0.017), training participation (Eta = 0.235, p = 0.000), and community-based organisation participation (Eta = 0.147, p = 0.020).

中文翻译：

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探索越南谷物小农对温度和降水变化的认知和适应：对适应战略的影响

摘要 为了促进小农采用适应温度和降水变化 (TPV) 的做法，理解他们对 TPV 的看法至关重要。然而，很少有实证研究调查了越南的小农如何看待 TPV。本研究调查了越南中南部小农对 TPV 的态度及其适应做法。使用随机抽样策略选择了 250 名谷物小农进行访谈，并开发了结构化问卷来收集数据。使用了描述性和双变量分析。研究结果表明，小农曾经历过 TPV。他们认为 TPV 增加了农业损失、谷物领域的劳动力成本、害虫/杂草控制成本、水管理成本以及化学投入物的施用率。小农采用传统的适应方法来减少 TPV 对其以谷物为基础的农业系统的意外影响。确定的关键适应方法包括： (1) 疏浚和修复灌溉渠道；(2)抗旱谷物品种的种植；（三）利用水井、水泵进行灌溉；(4)早栽。谷物小农对 TPV 的看法与他们的教育水平 (Pearson = 0.152, p = 0.016)、收入 (Pearson = 0.108, p = 0.088)、农场规模 (Pearson = 0.196; p = 0.002) 之间存在统计学上的显着关系, 性别 (Eta = 0.184, p = 0.004), 农业实践 (Eta = 0.246, p = 0.000), 信息和通信技术拥有 (Eta = 0.151, p = 0.017), 培训参与 (Eta = 0.235, p = 0.000) ，以及基于社区的组织参与（Eta = 0.147，p = 0。