The forewing venation homologies of magnifica Huang, Schubnel & Nel, 2020 Huang, D. , Schubnel, T. & Nel, A. 2020. A new middle Permian orthopteran family questions the position of the Order Titanoptera (Archaeorthoptera: Orthoptera). Journal of Systematic Palaeontology , 18 , 1217–1222. doi:10.1080/14772019.2020.1733112 [Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar] (genus Legendreia) and its claimed bearing on the origin of the taxon Titanopterida are investigated. New data on two Permian stem-orthopterans, drewi Beckemeyer, 2011 Beckemeyer, R. J. 2011. A new genus and species of Orthoptera from the Lower Permian Wellington Formation of Noble Country, Oklahoma, USA. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science , 114 , 88–94. doi:10.1660/062.114.0108 [Crossref] , [Google Scholar] (genus Loxoedischa) and reticulata Zalessky, 1934 Zalessky, G. M. 1934. Sur deux représentants permiens nouveaux de l’ordre des Protorthoptères. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France , 103 , 149–158. [Google Scholar] (genus Iasvia), are provided to complement a sample of Permian and Triassic stem-orthopterans relevant to the case. Various forewing venation homology conjectures (HCs) are assembled in sets which themselves are contrasted using the minimum number of transformations they imply as an optimality criterion. None of the sets including the HC favoured in the original description of magnifica convincingly challenge the view that the Titanopterida derived from the Permian tcholmanvissiids, together forming the Pantcholmanvissiida. Moreover, the most parsimonious set involves an HC different from that provided in the original description of magnifica and well supported by morphological evidence. It predicts that the species is not particularly related to the Pantcholmanvissiida. Instead, further comparison reveals that it is a relative of caeliferans (grasshoppers and locusts), and, incidentally, the earliest one.

Huang，Schubnel＆Nel，2020年的宏伟的预言一致 黄，D. ， Schubnel，T. ＆ 内尔，A. 2020。一个新的中二叠纪直翅目家庭质疑钛目纲（Archaeorthoptera：Orthoptera）的位置。杂志系统古生物，18，1217 - 1222。doi：10.1080 / 14772019.2020.1733112 [Taylor＆Francis Online]，[Web  ofScience® ] ，[Google Scholar]（Legendreia属）及其声称的与分类单元Titanopterida的起源有关。关于两个二叠纪直翅目直翅目的新数据Beckemeyer，2011年 Beckemeyer，RJ， 2011年。美国俄克拉何马州贵族地区下二叠纪惠灵顿组直翅目的一个新属和种。科学堪萨斯科学院学报，114，88 - 94。doi：10.1660 / 062.114.0108 [Crossref]  ，[Google Scholar]（Loxoedischa属）和reticulataZalessky，1934年 Zalessky，通用 1934年。Sur deux的代表代表Protorthoptères的nouveaux de l'ordre。年鉴德拉兴业Entomologique法国，103，149 - 158。 [Google Scholar]（属Iasvia）用于补充与该案例相关的二叠纪和三叠纪茎直翅类动物的样本。各种前兆静脉同源性猜想（HC）组装在一起，使用暗示的最小转换次数作为最佳标准，对其进行对比。集合包括HC没有在的原始描述青睐magnifica令人信服挑战，该视图Titanopterida从二叠tcholmanvissiids衍生，一起形成所述Pantcholmanvissiida。此外，最简约集包括从在的原始描述提供的HC不同magnifica并得到形态学证据的充分支持。它预测该物种与Pantcholmanvissiida没有特殊关系。取而代之的是，进一步的比较表明，它是caeliferans（蚱hopper和蝗虫）的近亲，而且是最早的亲戚。