ABSTRACT

Introduction

Intravesical instillation is preferred over the systemic route of administration, as an efficient route of drug administration to treat bladder cancer. However, the periodic voiding of urine washes out the instilled drugs, eventually resulting in reduced drug exposure. Moreover, the presence of the bladder permeability barrier limits drug permeation into tumor tissues. It is therefore important to develop a novel delivery system that not only promotes prolonged retention of drugs in the bladder but also enables drugs to penetrate the barrier.

Areas covered

This review addresses the limitations of conventional therapeutic regimens and reports the use of polymeric hydrogels and nano/microcarriers for enhanced intravesical drug delivery in bladder cancer. Strategies to prolong residence time in the bladder and enhance cell penetration and target-cell specificity are discussed.

Expert opinion

Although promising results have been obtained in the field of intravesical drug delivery, numerous questions remain unanswered in terms of therapeutic efficacy. Specialized function covering extended drug exposure and/or enhanced drug uptake should be considered. Assessment protocols that adequately mimic the human bladder environment in vitro and in vivo experiments are needed to expedite formulation development.

中文翻译：

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用于膀胱癌的膀胱内药物输送系统的开发现状。

摘要

介绍

膀胱内滴注优于全身给药途径，作为治疗膀胱癌的有效药物给药途径。但是，尿液的定期排空会冲走滴入的药物，最终导致药物暴露减少。此外，膀胱通透性屏障的存在限制了药物渗透到肿瘤组织中。因此，重要的是开发一种新颖的递送系统，该系统不仅可以促进药物在膀胱中的长时间保留，还可以使药物穿透屏障。

覆盖区域

这项审查解决了常规治疗方案的局限性，并报道了聚合物水凝胶和纳米/微载体在膀胱癌中增强膀胱内药物输送的用途。讨论了延长在膀胱中的停留时间并增强细胞穿透力和靶细胞特异性的策略。

专家意见

尽管在膀胱内药物递送领域中已经获得了令人鼓舞的结果，但是就治疗功效而言，许多问题仍然没有答案。应该考虑涵盖扩展的药物暴露和/或增加的药物吸收的专门功能。需要评估方案来充分模拟人的膀胱环境的体外和体内实验，以加快制剂的开发。