Recent advances in surface plasmon sensors have significantly reduced the limitations of conventional optical sensors. With the recent development of micro- and nano-fabrication technology, miniaturized one-dimensional structures become a promising platform for surface plasmon sensors for its compactness and simple structure. In this review, we describe the generation of surface plasmon polaritons and the resonance conditions. Then we categorize surface plasmon sensors by the physical quantities they detect, elaborating their working principle, performance, and current development. Finally, we summarize both limitations and advances of various design methods to provide an outlook on future directions of this field.

表面等离子体激元传感器的最新进展已大大降低了常规光学传感器的局限性。随着微细加工和纳米加工技术的最新发展，小型化的一维结构因其紧凑和简单的结构而成为表面等离子体激元传感器的有前途的平台。在这篇综述中，我们描述了表面等离激元极化子的产生和共振条件。然后，我们根据表面等离子体激元传感器检测到的物理量对其进行分类，详细说明其工作原理，性能和当前发展。最后，我们总结了各种设计方法的局限性和先进性，以展望该领域的未来方向。