Premise of research. Shared ancestry and convergent/parallel evolution are the two primary causes of morphologically similar species occurring in similar climatic niches. Alpine habitats harbor a unique biodiversity that is often characterized by many convergences in life-forms, such as cushion and rosulate habits. Three species of Lomatium (L. greenmanii, L. erythrocarpum, and L. oreganum) are high-alpine specialists endemic to the Wallowa and Elkhorn Mountains of northeastern Oregon. Earlier studies suggested that two of these species might be sister taxa, but because of the prevalence of convergence in alpine habitats and recent studies that have highlighted morphological homoplasy among Lomatium species, this hypothesis warrants reconsideration. Methodology. Phylogenetic analysis of 209 individuals representing 79 taxa belonging to subfamily Apioideae (Apiaceae) was used to investigate the evolutionary origins of three alpine-endemic species of Lomatium. A principal components analysis based on BioClim variables was used to further investigate species climatic niches. Pivotal results. The three alpine-endemic species of Lomatium from northeastern Oregon represent three independent origins of alpine adaptations rather than a single or two alpine radiations, as previously suggested. Conclusions. Convergence and parallelism are especially common in alpine habitats and among Lomatium species, a finding confirmed by this study. This study unveils unpredicted phylogenetic diversity in the Wallowa and Elkhorn Mountains, which, therefore, calls for appropriate conservation measures to protect these distinct evolutionary lineages.

中文翻译：

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俄勒冈州东北部瓦洛瓦和埃尔克霍恩山脉三种罕见的高山特有种 Lomatium（伞形科）的进化起源

研究的前提。共享祖先和趋同/平行进化是在相似气候生态位中出现形态相似物种的两个主要原因。高山栖息地拥有独特的生物多样性，其特征通常是生命形式的许多融合，例如垫状和玫瑰习性。三种 Lomatium（L. greenmanii、L. erythrocarpum 和 L. oregum）是俄勒冈州东北部瓦洛瓦和埃尔克霍恩山脉特有的高山专家。早期的研究表明，其中两个物种可能是姊妹类群，但由于高山栖息地的趋同盛行以及最近的研究强调了 Lomatium 物种之间的形态同质性，这一假设值得重新考虑。方法。代表属于亚科（伞形科）的 79 个分类群的 209 个个体的系统发育分析被用来研究 Lomatium 的三个高山特有物种的进化起源。基于 BioClim 变量的主成分分析用于进一步研究物种气候生态位。关键结果。来自俄勒冈州东北部的三种高山特有物种 Lomatium 代表了高山适应的三个独立起源，而不是如前所述的单个或两个高山辐射。结论。趋同和平行在高山栖息地和 Lomatium 物种中尤为常见，这项研究证实了这一发现。这项研究揭示了 Wallowa 和 Elkhorn 山脉中不可预测的系统发育多样性，因此，