This study examined the role of inhibitory control in the development of analogical reasoning using inter‐task priming paradigms. In Experiment 1, 25 seven‐year‐olds, 27 nine‐year‐olds, and 27 adults completed Stroop tasks, which activated general inhibitory control ability, before analogical reasoning tasks. Children and adults performed faster on analogical reasoning tasks when they were primed by Stroop tasks. This priming effect was found to be stronger in children than in adults. In Experiment 2, 25 seven‐year‐olds, 28 nine‐year‐olds, and 28 adults completed relative number matching tasks, a more task‐relevant inhibitory control task, before analogical reasoning tasks. The children and adults performed faster on analogical reasoning tasks when primed by relative number matching tasks. The priming effect was greater in seven‐year‐olds than in nine‐year‐olds and was greater in nine‐year‐olds than in adults. Thus, inhibitory control, whether assessed with general or specific tasks, played a priming role in analogical reasoning.

中文翻译：

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抑制性控制在类比推理发展中的作用：从一般到具体

这项研究使用任务间启动范例研究了抑制控制在类比推理发展中的作用。在实验1中，有25个7岁的孩子，27个9岁的孩子和27个成年人完成了Stroop任务，从而在类推推理任务之前激活了一般的抑制控制能力。当儿童和成人被Stroop任务激发时，他们在类比推理任务中的执行速度会更快。发现这种激发作用在儿童中比在成年人中更强。在实验2中，有25个7岁的孩子，28个9岁的孩子和28个成年人在进行类比推理之前先完成了相对数量匹配任务，这是一个与任务更相关的抑制控制任务。当孩子和成人被相对数字匹配任务吸引时，他们在类比推理任务中的执行速度更快。在七岁儿童中，启动作用大于在九岁儿童中；在九岁儿童中，起动作用大于在成年人中。因此，抑制性控制，无论是通过一般任务还是特定任务进行评估，都在类比推理中起主要作用。