Abstract In this paper, we describe a continuum model that accurately reproduces the experimentally measured structure of physical shocks in a perfect gas. We begin by presenting a history of shock structure research, theoretical, experimental and numerical, to quantify the significant discrepancies between Navier–Stokes predictions and laboratory measurements. In our first main result, we discuss modifications that generalize the Chapman–Enskog approximation and lead to a new continuum model termed the Finite Scale Equations. In our second main result, we use this continuum model to calculate shock structure with results comparable in accuracy to numerical simulations based on the Boltzmann equation.

中文翻译：

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有限尺度理论：预测自然冲击

摘要 在本文中，我们描述了一个连续模型，该模型准确地再现了理想气体中物理冲击的实验测量结构。我们首先介绍激波结构研究的历史、理论、实验和数值，以量化 Navier-Stokes 预测与实验室测量之间的显着差异。在我们的第一个主要结果中，我们讨论了对 Chapman-Enskog 近似进行概括的修改，并导致了一个新的连续模型，称为有限尺度方程。在我们的第二个主要结果中，我们使用该连续介质模型来计算激波结构，其结果的准确性可与基于玻尔兹曼方程的数值模拟相媲美。