An interaction network exists among cells within the brain, maintaining brain homeostasis and ensuring its functional plasticity. In addition to neurons, participating cells include astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia. Peripheral immune cells, such as monocytes and lymphocytes, have also been found to play an important role in supporting the brain in health and assisting in its repair. Here, we describe the multiple immune-specific modes of cellular dialogue among cells within the mammalian brain and their crosstalk with the periphery in both health and disease. We further suggest that interventions directed at boosting the peripheral immune response can restore the balance between the brain and the immune system and can rewire their communication to modify chronic neurodegenerative diseases.

大脑内细胞之间存在相互作用网络，可维持大脑体内稳态并确保其功能可塑性。除神经元外，参与细胞还包括星形胶质细胞，少突胶质细胞和小胶质细胞。还发现外围免疫细胞，例如单核细胞和淋巴细胞在支持大脑健康和协助其修复方面起着重要作用。在这里，我们描述了哺乳动物脑内细胞之间的多种免疫特异性细胞对话模式，以及它们在健康和疾病方面与周围环境的串扰。我们进一步建议针对增强外周免疫反应的干预措施可以恢复大脑和免疫系统之间的平衡，并可以重新交流它们的交流以改变慢性神经退行性疾病。