Abstract Energy storage devices are one of the hot spots in recent years due to the environmental problems caused by the large consumption of unsustainable energy such as petroleum or coal. Capacitors are a common device for energy storage, especially electrical energy. A variety of types including electrolytic capacitors, mica capacitors, paper capacitors, ceramic capacitors, film capacitors, and non-polarized capacitors have been proposed. Their specific applications depend on their intrinsic properties. Dielectric capacitors have reasonable energy storage density, with current research focusing on the enhancement of energy density and making the materials more flexible as well as lightweight. Improvement strategies are based on the premise that use of two or more different materials (e.g. polymers and ceramics/metals) at an optimal formulation can result in properties that combine the advantages of the precursor materials. Different polymers especially fluoropolymers (e.g. PVDF and PVDF based co-polymer) are the main components in dielectric nanocomposites for capacitors with high energy storage performance. In this article, we have briefly summarized the recent advances in functional polymers nanocomposites for energy storage applications with a primary focus on polymers, surface engineering, functional groups and novel synthesis/manufacturing concepts applied to new materials. The article presents a unique integrated structure and approaches providing key knowledge for the design and development of novel, low-cost, multifunctional next-generation energy storage materials with improved efficiency.

中文翻译：

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用于储能的功能性纳米复合材料：化学和新视野

摘要 由于大量消耗石油或煤炭等不可持续能源所引发的环境问题，储能装置成为近年来研究热点之一。电容器是一种常见的储能装置，尤其是电能。已经提出了多种类型，包括电解电容器、云母电容器、纸电容器、陶瓷电容器、薄膜电容器和无极性电容器。它们的具体应用取决于它们的内在特性。介电电容器具有合理的储能密度，目前的研究重点是提高能量密度，使材料更加灵活和轻便。改进策略的前提是使用两种或多种不同的材料（例如 聚合物和陶瓷/金属）以最佳配方可以产生结合前体材料优点的特性。不同的聚合物，尤其是含氟聚合物（例如 PVDF 和 PVDF 基共聚物）是具有高储能性能电容器的介电纳米复合材料的主要成分。在本文中，我们简要总结了用于储能应用的功能聚合物纳米复合材料的最新进展，主要关注聚合物、表面工程、官能团和应用于新材料的新型合成/制造概念。本文提出了一种独特的集成结构和方法，为设计和开发具有更高效率的新型、低成本、多功能的下一代储能材料提供了关键知识。