Abstract Natural materials have always attracted intensive attention from multidisciplinary scientists all over the world. In fact, the ingenious and reasonable synthetic strategies of the limited components can always make natural materials achieve a superior performance that is far beyond their own. Meanwhile, the local properties can determine the overall performance through regulating multiple characteristics, including structure, composition, and interface. Living organisms can inspire the fabrication of artificial materials, which provides a clear vision for advanced materials research. Therefore, inspired by this strategy, biomimetic structural materials are used to meet the strict and even extreme requirements of engineering materials. In this review, we mainly clarify the difference of local properties in natural materials and explain how living organisms utilize very limited elements and compounds to control the local properties and further realize some specific function to adapt to the specific requirement of the environment. In addition, the manufacturing technologies and strategies common to bio-inspired structural materials are summarized. Finally, a summary and prospects on the limitations of current techniques and the direction of future developments for the design of novel bio-inspired materials are given.

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先进的仿生结构材料：局部特性决定整体性能

摘要 天然材料一直受到世界多学科科学家的广泛关注。事实上，对有限成分巧妙合理的合成策略，总能让天然材料达到远超自身的优越性能。同时，局部特性可以通过调节结构、组成和界面等多种特性来决定整体性能。生物体可以激发人造材料的制造，这为先进材料的研究提供了清晰的视野。因此，受这一策略的启发，仿生结构材料被用于满足工程材料严格甚至极端的要求。在这次审查中，我们主要阐明天然材料中局部特性的差异，并解释生物如何利用非常有限的元素和化合物来控制局部特性，并进一步实现某些特定功能以适应环境的特定要求。此外，总结了仿生结构材料常见的制造技术和策略。最后，总结和展望了当前技术的局限性以及设计新型仿生材料的未来发展方向。总结了仿生结构材料常见的制造技术和策略。最后，总结和展望了当前技术的局限性以及设计新型仿生材料的未来发展方向。总结了仿生结构材料常见的制造技术和策略。最后，总结和展望了当前技术的局限性以及设计新型仿生材料的未来发展方向。