Abstract Wire arc additive manufacturing technology (WAAM) has become a very promising alternative to high-value large metal components in many manufacturing industries. Due to its long process cycle time and arc-based deposition, defect monitoring, process stability and control are critical for the WAAM system to be used in the industry. Although major progress has been made in process development, path slicing and programming, and material analysis, a comprehensive process monitoring, and control system are yet to be developed. This paper aims to provide an in-depth review of sensing and control design suitable for a WAAM system, including technologies developed for the generic Arc Welding process, the Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing process and laser Additive Manufacturing. Particular focus is given to the integration of sensor-based feedback control, and how they could be implemented into the WAAM process to improve its accuracy, reliability, and efficiency. The paper concludes by proposing a framework for sensor-based monitoring and control system for the GMAW based WAAM process. This framework provides a blueprint for the monitoring and control strategies during the WAAM process and aims to identify and reduce defects using information fusion techniques.

中文翻译：

---

电弧增材制造综述：监控、控制和自动化系统框架

摘要 电弧增材制造技术 (WAAM) 已成为许多制造业中高价值大型金属部件的非常有前途的替代品。由于其较长的工艺周期时间和基于电弧的沉积，缺陷监测、工艺稳定性和控制对于工业中使用的 WAAM 系统至关重要。尽管在工艺开发、路径切片和编程以及材料分析方面取得了重大进展，但全面的工艺监控和控制系统仍有待开发。本文旨在深入回顾适用于 WAAM 系统的传感和控制设计，包括为通用弧焊工艺、电弧增材制造工艺和激光增材制造开发的技术。特别关注基于传感器的反馈控制的集成，以及如何将它们实施到 WAAM 过程中以提高其准确性、可靠性和效率。本文最后提出了一个基于传感器的监测和控制系统框架，用于基于 GMAW 的 WAAM 过程。该框架为 WAAM 过程中的监控和控制策略提供了蓝图，旨在使用信息融合技术识别和减少缺陷。