Abstract The development and applications of refractory high-entropy alloys (RHEAs) have garnered attention for their outstanding strength at both room and elevated temperatures and their high resistance to radiation. However, certain issues have posed difficulty in its preparation and resulting quality. Thus, this study proposed and verified a method to improve the quality of RHEA powders prepared by mechanical alloying by adding liquid process control agents (PCAs). Mechanical alloying was investigated without a PCA and with solid (stearic acid) and liquid PCAs (ethanol and n-heptane). The results showed that the liquid PCAs effectively mitigated cold welding. Relative to those of the powders processed without a PCA or with a solid PCA, the recovery ratio of the powders with liquid PCAs significantly increased, i.e., from 5% to 90%. Moreover, the powders produced with liquid possessed an ideal composition similar to that of the designed product. Adding a liquid PCA did not alter the processes of morphology evolution, element inter-diffusion, and structural transformation. The liquid environment increased the efficiency of the particle refinement and element diffusion, thus increasing the homogeneity of the elemental distribution. The presence of the amorphous phase and C/O interstitial contamination were minimal, owing to the maximum limiting value of lattice defects caused by the shear force in the liquid environment. Therefore, the liquid PCA improved the quality of RHEA powders prepared by mechanical alloying.

中文翻译：

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液态工艺控制剂机械合金化制备TiZrNbTa难熔高熵合金粉末

摘要 难熔高熵合金（RHEAs）的开发和应用因其在室温和高温下的优异强度和高抗辐射性而受到关注。但是，某些问题对其准备和最终质量造成了困难。因此，本研究提出并验证了一种通过添加液体过程控制剂 (PCA) 来提高机械合金化制备的 RHEA 粉末质量的方法。在没有 PCA 和固体（硬脂酸）和液体 PCA（乙醇和正庚烷）的情况下研究了机械合金化。结果表明，液态 PCA 有效地减轻了冷焊。相对于未使用PCA 或使用固体PCA 处理的粉末，使用液体PCA 处理的粉末的回收率显着增加，即从5% 提高到90%。而且，用液体生产的粉末具有与设计产品相似的理想成分。添加液体 PCA 不会改变形态演化、元素相互扩散和结构转变的过程。液体环境提高了粒子细化和元素扩散的效率，从而提高了元素分布的均匀性。由于液体环境中剪切力引起的晶格缺陷的最大极限值，非晶相和 C/O 间隙污染的存在最小。因此，液态 PCA 提高了机械合金化制备的 RHEA 粉末的质量。元素相互扩散和结构转变。液体环境提高了粒子细化和元素扩散的效率，从而提高了元素分布的均匀性。由于液体环境中剪切力引起的晶格缺陷的最大极限值，非晶相和 C/O 间隙污染的存在最小。因此，液态 PCA 提高了机械合金化制备的 RHEA 粉末的质量。元素相互扩散和结构转变。液体环境提高了粒子细化和元素扩散的效率，从而提高了元素分布的均匀性。由于液体环境中剪切力引起的晶格缺陷的最大极限值，非晶相和 C/O 间隙污染的存在最小。因此，液态 PCA 提高了机械合金化制备的 RHEA 粉末的质量。由于在液体环境中由剪切力引起的晶格缺陷的最大极限值。因此，液态 PCA 提高了机械合金化制备的 RHEA 粉末的质量。由于在液体环境中由剪切力引起的晶格缺陷的最大极限值。因此，液态 PCA 提高了机械合金化制备的 RHEA 粉末的质量。