Dietary lipids could modify fatty acid (FA) composition in fish tissues. Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) such as arachidonic acid (ARA), eicosapentaneoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are able to modulate the immune status in fish through an inflammatory process but their availability may be limited when fish are exclusively fed plant oils. This study was conducted to evaluate how to maximise the utilisation of dietary plant oil for an efficient inflammatory response in common carp head kidney leukocytes (HKLs) exposed to a gram-negative bacterial endotoxin, Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharides (LPS). HKLs were isolated from fish fed cod liver oil (CLO), linseed oil (LO), sesame oil (SO) a blend of SO and LO (SLO, v:v 1:1), and these plant oil diets supplemented with DHA (SO + DHA, SOD) or ARA (LO + ARA, LOA) for 6 weeks. Cells were then exposed to LPS at a dose of 10 μg/mL for 4 and 24 h. Peroxidase activity, total Ig, and NO levels were measured in the culture medium, while cells were used for expression analyses of candidate genes in pattern recognition (tlr-4), eicosanoid metabolism (pge2, 5-lox), pro-inflammatory (il-1, il-6, il-8, tnf-α, nf-kb, inos, cxc), anti-inflammatory (il-10, nf-kbi, tgf-β1) responses, and cytoprotective (gpx-1, prdx-3) processes. Results showed that LPS induced significantly inflammatory responses, evidenced by a high level of almost all the targeted humoral immune parameters and/or gene expression. Expression of inflammatory cytokines and other inflammatory mediators was upregulated after 4 h-LPS exposure and reverted to basal levels after 24 h. HKLs from fish fed SLO, LOA, or SOD diet exhibited a more efficient regulation of acute inflammatory processes than those fed CLO diet. The results indicate that the immune competence of fish fed plant oil mixture was comparable to the one of fish fed fish oil diet. Moreover, the supplementation of ARA or DHA induced similar immunomodulation in common carp.

膳食脂质可以改变鱼类组织中的脂肪酸 (FA) 组成。长链多不饱和脂肪酸 (LC-PUFA)，如花生四烯酸 (ARA)、二十碳五烯酸 (EPA) 和二十二碳六烯酸 (DHA) 能够通过炎症过程调节鱼类的免疫状态，但当鱼类出现时，它们的可用性可能会受到限制只喂植物油。本研究旨在评估如何最大限度地利用日粮植物油对暴露于革兰氏阴性细菌内毒素大肠杆菌脂多糖 (LPS) 的鲤鱼头肾白细胞 (HKL) 进行有效的炎症反应。HKLs 从喂鱼的鱼肝油 (CLO)、亚麻籽油 (LO)、芝麻油 (SO) 和 SO 和 LO (SLO, v:v 1:1的混合物) 中分离出来)，以及这些植物油饮食补充 DHA (SO + DHA, SOD) 或 ARA (LO + ARA, LOA) 6 周。然后将细胞以 10 μg/mL 的剂量暴露于 LPS 4 和 24 小时。测量培养基中的过氧化物酶活性、总 Ig 和 NO 水平，而细胞用于模式识别（tlr-4）、类花生酸代谢（ pge2、5 -lox）、促炎（il -1、il-6、il-8、tnf-α、nf-kb、inos、cxc）、抗炎（il-10、nf-kbi、tgf-β1）反应和细胞保护（gpx-1、prdx -3) 过程。结果表明，LPS 诱导了显着的炎症反应，这可以通过几乎所有靶向体液免疫参数和/或基因表达的高水平来证明。炎性细胞因子和其他炎性介质的表达在 4 小时-LPS 暴露后上调，并在 24 小时后恢复到基础水平。来自喂食 SLO、LOA 或 SOD 饮食的鱼的 HKL 比喂食 CLO 饮食的鱼表现出更有效的急性炎症过程调节。结果表明，鱼饲植物油混合物的免疫能力与鱼饲鱼油饮食的免疫能力相当。此外，补充 ARA 或 DHA 在鲤鱼中诱导了类似的免疫调节。