In vitro evaluation of composite containing DMAHDM and calcium phosphate nanoparticles on recurrent caries inhibition at bovine enamel-restoration margins.,Dental Materials

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In vitro evaluation of composite containing DMAHDM and calcium phosphate nanoparticles on recurrent caries inhibition at bovine enamel-restoration margins.
Dental Materials ( IF 4.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-13 , DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.07.007
Wen Zhou ₁ , Xian Peng ₂ , Xuedong Zhou ₂ , Michael D Weir ₃ , Mary Anne S Melo ₃ , Franklin R Tay ₄ , Satoshi Imazato ₅ , Thomas W Oates ₃ , Lei Cheng ₆ , Hockin H K Xu ₇

Affiliation

State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, China.
State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
Department of Biomaterials Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan.
State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.

Objective

Recurrent caries is a primary reason for restoration failure caused by biofilm acids. The objectives of this study were to: (1) develop a novel multifunctional composite with antibacterial function and calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P) ion release, and (2) investigate the effects on enamel demineralization and hardness at the margins under biofilms.

Methods

Dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) and nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP) were incorporated into composite. Four groups were tested: (1) Commercial control (Heliomolar), (2) Experimental control (0% DMAHDM + 0% NACP), (3) antibacterial group (3% DMAHDM + 0% NACP), (D) antibacterial and remineralizing group (3% DMAHDM + 30% NACP). Mechanical properties and Ca and P ion release were measured. Colony-forming units (CFU), lactic acid and polysaccharide of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) biofilms were evaluated. Demineralization of bovine enamel with restorations was induced via S. mutans, and enamel hardness was measured. Data were analyzed via one-way and two-way analyses of variance and Tukey’s multiple comparison tests.

Results

Adding DMAHDM and NACP into composite did not compromise the mechanical properties (P > 0.05). Ca and P ion release of 3% DMAHDM + 30% NACP was increased at cariogenic low pH. Biofilm lactic acid and polysaccharides were greatly decreased via DMAHDM, and CFU was reduced by 4 logs (P < 0.05). Under biofilm acids, enamel hardness at the margins was decreased to about 0.5 GPa for control; it was about 1 GPa for antibacterial group, and 1.3 GPa for antibacterial and remineralizing group (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

The novel 3% DMAHDM + 30% NACP composite had strong antibacterial effects. It substantially reduced enamel demineralization adjacent to restorations under biofilm acid attacks, yielding enamel hardness that was 2-fold greater than that of control composites. The novel multifunctional composite is promising to inhibit recurrent caries.

中文翻译：

含DMAHDM和磷酸钙纳米颗粒的复合材料在牛牙釉质修复边缘对复发性龋齿抑制的体外评估。

目的

龋齿复发是由生物膜酸引起的修复失败的主要原因。这项研究的目的是：（1）开发一种具有抗菌功能并释放钙（Ca）和磷酸盐（P）离子的新型多功能复合材料，以及（2）研究对生物膜下边缘釉质脱矿质和硬度的影响。

方法

将甲基丙烯酸二甲基氨基十六烷基酯（DMAHDM）和无定形磷酸钙（NACP）的纳米颗粒掺入复合材料中。测试了四组：（1）商业对照（Heliomolar），（2）实验对照（0％DMAHDM + 0％NACP），（3）抗菌组（3％DMAHDM + 0％NACP），（D）抗菌和再矿化组（3％DMAHDM + 30％NACP）。测量了机械性能以及Ca和P离子的释放。评价了变形链球菌（S. mutans）生物膜的菌落形成单位（CFU），乳酸和多糖。通过变形链球菌诱导牛牙釉质与修复体的脱矿质，并测量牙釉质的硬度。通过数据分析单向和双向方差分析和Tukey的多重比较检验。

结果

在复合材料中添加DMAHDM和NACP不会损害机械性能（P > 0.05）。在致龋性低pH下，3％DMAHDM + 30％NACP的Ca和P离子释放增加。通过DMAHDM，生物膜乳酸和多糖大大减少，CFU减少了4 log（P <0.05）。在生物膜酸作用下，对照的牙釉质硬度降低到约0.5 GPa。抗菌组约为1 GPa，抗菌和再矿化组约为1.3 GPa（P <0.05）。