Gold nanostars (AuNSs) demonstrate an intense electromagnetic field around tip of branches. In this research, we employed AuNSs-enhanced electrochemiluminescence (ECL) emission from graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets (g-CN nanosheets) to detect CD133 peptide as a cancer stem cell membrane biomarker. In this biosensor, the g-CN nanosheets were decorated with AuNSs (AuNSs@g-CN nanosheets). AuNSs@g-CN nanosheets exhibited strong and stable cathodic ECL emission compared to that of pure g-CN nanosheets. The ECL intensity from the AuNSs@g-CN nanosheets was over 30% higher than that of spherical gold nanoparticles (spherical AuNPs) decorated g-CN nanosheets. The additional ECL enhancement of AuNSs was due to the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect located around multiple branch tips of AuNSs. The RSD of ECL curves intensities, obtained from successive potential scans for 10 cycles, were less than 4%, indicating the superior stability of the AuNSs@g-CN nanosheets. Under optimum conditions, the ECL intensity of GCE/AuNSs@g-CN nanosheets/anti-CD133 decreased linearly with CD133 peptide concentration in the range of 0.05–100 ng mL⁻¹. The LOD achieved was 0.257 ng mL⁻¹ (S/N = 3). The applicability of the designed biosensor in real samples was examined through the determination of CD133 peptide in spiked serum samples, from which satisfactory results were obtained.

金纳米星（AuNSs）在分支尖端周围显示出强烈的电磁场。在这项研究中，我们采用了石墨化碳氮化物纳米片（g-CN纳米片）中AuNSs增强的电化学发光（ECL）发射来检测CD133肽作为癌症干细胞膜生物标志物。在该生物传感器中，将g-CN纳米片装饰有AuNSs（AuNSs @ g-CN纳米片）。与纯g-CN纳米片相比，AuNSs @ g-CN纳米片表现出强而稳定的阴极ECL发射。AuNSs @ g-CN纳米片的ECL强度比球形金纳米颗粒（球形AuNPs）装饰的g-CN纳米片的ECL强度高30％以上。AuNSs的额外ECL增强是由于位于AuNSs多个分支尖端周围的局部表面等离振子共振（LSPR）效应。ECL曲线强度的RSD 从连续的10次电势扫描获得的结果小于4％，表明AuNSs @ g-CN纳米片具有出色的稳定性。在最佳条件下，GCE / AuNSs @ g-CN纳米片/抗CD133的ECL强度随CD133肽浓度在0.05–100 ng mL范围内线性下降^-1。达到的LOD为0.257 ng mL ^-1（S / N = 3）。通过测定加标血清样品中的CD133肽，检查了设计的生物传感器在实际样品中的适用性，从而获得了满意的结果。