Energy demand of neurons in brain that is covered by glucose supply from the blood is ensured by glucose transporters in capillaries and brain cells. In brain, the facilitative diffusion glucose transporters GLUT1-6 and GLUT8, and the Na⁺-d-glucose cotransporters SGLT1 are expressed. The glucose transporters mediate uptake of d-glucose across the blood-brain barrier and delivery of d-glucose to astrocytes and neurons. They are critically involved in regulatory adaptations to varying energy demands in response to differing neuronal activities and glucose supply. In this review, a comprehensive overview about verified and proposed roles of cerebral glucose transporters during health and diseases is presented. Our current knowledge is mainly based on experiments performed in rodents. First, the functional properties of human glucose transporters expressed in brain and their cerebral locations are described. Thereafter, proposed physiological functions of GLUT1, GLUT2, GLUT3, GLUT4, and SGLT1 for energy supply to neurons, glucose sensing, central regulation of glucohomeostasis, and feeding behavior are compiled, and their roles in learning and memory formation are discussed. In addition, diseases are described in which functional changes of cerebral glucose transporters are relevant. These are GLUT1 deficiency syndrome (GLUT1-SD), diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), stroke, and traumatic brain injury (TBI). GLUT1-SD is caused by defect mutations in GLUT1. Diabetes and AD are associated with changed expression of glucose transporters in brain, and transporter-related energy deficiency of neurons may contribute to pathogenesis of AD. Stroke and TBI are associated with changes of glucose transporter expression that influence clinical outcome.

毛细血管和脑细胞中的葡萄糖转运蛋白确保了血液中葡萄糖供应所覆盖的大脑神经元的能量需求。在大脑中，便利扩散葡萄糖转运GLUT1-6和GLUT8，和中的Na ⁺ - d -葡萄糖协同转运蛋白SGLT1表达。的葡萄糖转运居间摄取d跨越血-脑屏障和递送葡萄糖d-葡萄糖到星形胶质细胞和神经元。他们至关重要地参与了针对不同能量需求的调节适应，以响应不同的神经元活动和葡萄糖供应。在这篇综述中，提供了关于脑葡萄糖转运蛋白在健康和疾病中已验证和拟议作用的全面概述。我们目前的知识主要是基于在啮齿动物中进行的实验。首先，描述了在大脑及其大脑位置表达的人类葡萄糖转运蛋白的功能特性。此后，GLUT1，GLUT2，GLUT3，GLUT4和SGLT1为神经元提供能量，葡萄糖感测，葡萄糖稳态的中央调节和喂养行为的生理功能被汇编，并讨论了它们在学习和记忆形成中的作用。此外，描述了与脑葡萄糖转运蛋白的功能变化有关的疾病。这些是GLUT1缺乏综合征（GLUT1-SD），糖尿病，阿尔茨海默氏病（AD），中风和脑外伤（TBI）。GLUT1-SD是由GLUT1中的缺陷突变引起的。糖尿病和AD与脑中葡萄糖转运蛋白表达的改变有关，并且与转运蛋白有关的神经元能量缺乏可能与AD的发病机理有关。中风和TBI与影响临床结果的葡萄糖转运蛋白表达的变化有关。糖尿病和AD与脑中葡萄糖转运蛋白表达的改变有关，并且与转运蛋白有关的神经元能量缺乏可能与AD的发病机理有关。中风和TBI与影响临床结果的葡萄糖转运蛋白表达的变化有关。糖尿病和AD与脑中葡萄糖转运蛋白表达的改变有关，并且与转运蛋白有关的神经元能量缺乏可能与AD的发病机理有关。中风和TBI与影响临床结果的葡萄糖转运蛋白表达的变化有关。