The nozzle-clogging problem is closely related to the agglomeration behavior of inclusions in steel-containing rare earth (RE). The present study first optimized the thermodynamic model by supplementing thermodynamic data of the RE compound to study the formation of various inclusions in the Ce-Al-O-S system. Based on that, laboratory-scale experiments with different Ce and Al contents were designed to obtain samples containing a single type of inclusions, viz., Al2O3, Ce-Al-O, Ce2O3, and Ce-O-S, respectively. Additionally, the agglomeration behavior of inclusions was observed in situ by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and the calculated attractive forces were used to compare the agglomeration tendency of the four inclusions. The results show that the agglomeration of Al2O3 inclusions is attributed to the strongest attractive force (1.0 × 10−15N to 3.0 × 10−14N) among the four kinds of inclusions. Although Ce-Al-O and Ce2O3 inclusions have the weaker attractive forces (1.3 × 10−16N to 2.0 × 10−14N), they can also agglomerate together and form large-sized clusters. The attractive forces between Ce-O-S inclusions are the weakest (2.1 × 10−18N to 6.0 × 10−16N), that is, this kind of inclusion is more difficult to agglomerate than other inclusions. The study can provide theoretical support for improving the nozzle-clogging problem of RE-containing steel from the inclusion-controlling perspective.

中文翻译：

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稀土元素铝镇静钢中各种夹杂物的团聚特性

喷嘴堵塞问题与含钢稀土 (RE) 中夹杂物的团聚行为密切相关。本研究首先通过补充稀土化合物的热力学数据来优化热力学模型，以研究 Ce-Al-OS 系统中各种夹杂物的形成。在此基础上，设计了不同 Ce 和 Al 含量的实验室规模实验，以获得包含单一类型夹杂物的样品，即分别为 Al2O3、Ce-Al-O、Ce2O3 和 Ce-OS。此外，通过共聚焦激光扫描显微镜（CLSM）原位观察夹杂物的团聚行为，并利用计算的吸引力来比较四种夹杂物的团聚趋势。结果表明，Al2O3 夹杂物的团聚归因于最强的吸引力（1. 0 × 10−15N 到 3.0 × 10−14N) 四种夹杂物。虽然 Ce-Al-O 和 Ce2O3 夹杂物的吸引力较弱（1.3 × 10-16N 到 2.0 × 10-14N），但它们也可以聚集在一起形成大尺寸的团簇。Ce-OS 夹杂物之间的吸引力最弱（2.1 × 10−18N 到 6.0 × 10−16N），即这种夹杂物比其他夹杂物更难团聚。该研究可以从夹杂物控制的角度为改善含RE钢的喷嘴堵塞问题提供理论支持。Ce-OS 夹杂物之间的吸引力最弱（2.1 × 10−18N 到 6.0 × 10−16N），即这种夹杂物比其他夹杂物更难团聚。该研究可以从夹杂物控制的角度为改善含RE钢的喷嘴堵塞问题提供理论支持。Ce-OS 夹杂物之间的吸引力最弱（2.1 × 10−18N 到 6.0 × 10−16N），即这种夹杂物比其他夹杂物更难团聚。该研究可以从夹杂物控制的角度为改善含RE钢的喷嘴堵塞问题提供理论支持。