Healthy plants host diverse but taxonomically structured communities of microorganisms, the plant microbiota, that colonize every accessible plant tissue. Plant-associated microbiomes confer fitness advantages to the plant host, including growth promotion, nutrient uptake, stress tolerance and resistance to pathogens. In this Review, we explore how plant microbiome research has unravelled the complex network of genetic, biochemical, physical and metabolic interactions among the plant, the associated microbial communities and the environment. We also discuss how those interactions shape the assembly of plant-associated microbiomes and modulate their beneficial traits, such as nutrient acquisition and plant health, in addition to highlighting knowledge gaps and future directions.

健康的植物拥有各种但分类结构上不同的微生物群落，即植物微生物群，这些群落定植在每个可及的植物组织中。与植物相关的微生物群赋予植物宿主适度的优势，包括促进生长，吸收养分，耐逆性和对病原体的抵抗力。在这篇综述中，我们探讨了植物微生物组研究如何揭示植物，相关微生物群落和环境之间复杂的遗传，生化，物理和代谢相互作用的复杂网络。我们还讨论了这些相互作用如何塑造与植物相关的微生物群落的组装并调节其有益特性，例如营养获取和植物健康，此外还强调了知识差距和未来方向。