The identification of mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene has revolutionized the treatment strategy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The effectiveness of individualized treatment using EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) for EGFR-mutated NSCLC has mainly been clarified in clinical trials within Japan, and EGFR-TKI monotherapy has been established as the standard first-line treatment for EGFR-mutated NSCLC. Since then, combination regimens involving EGFR-TKI and chemotherapy or anti-angiogenic agents have been developed. Regarding combinations, the NEJ009 study conducted in Japan showed a significant prolongation of progression-free survival and overall survival compared with gefitinib alone. The NEJ009 regimen may be a reasonable option for patients with good performance status in terms of risk–benefit balance. However, further investigation is warranted to improve clinical outcomes in EGFR-mutated NSCLC.

表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）基因突变的鉴定彻底改变了非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）的治疗策略。在日本的临床试验中，主要已经阐明了使用EGFR酪氨酸激酶抑制剂（TKIs）对EGFR突变的NSCLC进行个体化治疗的有效性，并且EGFR-TKI单一疗法已被确立为EGFR的标准一线治疗药物突变的NSCLC。从那时起，已经开发出涉及EGFR-TKI和化学疗法或抗血管生成剂的联合治疗方案。关于组合，在日本进行的NEJ009研究表明，与单独使用吉非替尼相比，无进展生存期和总生存期显着延长。就风险收益平衡而言，NEJ009方案对于表现良好的患者可能是合理的选择。但是，有必要进行进一步的研究以改善EGFR突变的NSCLC的临床结果。