Abstract Phosphorus crystallization-filtration (PCF) was devised as a novel tertiary process for phosphorus removal from domestic wastewater. The results obtained showed that during the PCF process, high pH and excessive calcium dosage conditions were required to obtain effluents with total phosphorus (T-P) and suspended solid (SS) concentrations below 0.2 and 10 mg/L, respectively, within 2 h of operation. Phosphorus was precipitated during the pre-treatment step, and thereafter it crystallized on the surface of the fixed seed material in the PCF reactor. Furthermore, the addition of Ca2+ resulted in phosphorus removal efficiencies >95%, and pH, residual Ca2+, filtration depth, and linear velocity were identified as the main design and operation parameters of the PCF process. Following the pilot-scale PCF process, the average concentrations of T-P, PO4-P, and SS in the effluent were 0.05, 0.04, and 1.1 mg/L, respectively, corresponding to removal efficiencies of 90.9, 86.5, and 79.7%, respectively. The investigation of the backwashing sludge characteristics of the PCF process using SEM, FT-IR, EDS, and XRD analyses showed that owing to its high contents in calcite and hydrated phosphorus compounds, PCF sludge could be used as an alternative soil amendment resource.

中文翻译：

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应用羟基磷灰石结晶过滤工艺从废水中回收磷

摘要磷结晶过滤（PCF）被设计为一种新型的生活废水除磷三级工艺。结果表明，在 PCF 工艺过程中，需要高 pH 值和过量的钙投加量条件，才能在运行 2 小时内获得总磷 (TP) 和悬浮固体 (SS) 浓度分别低于 0.2 和 10 mg/L 的出水。磷在预处理步骤中沉淀，然后在 PCF 反应器中的固定晶种材料的表面上结晶。此外，Ca2+的添加导致除磷效率>95%，并且pH、残留Ca2+、过滤深度和线速度被确定为PCF工艺的主要设计和操作参数。中试规模的 PCF 工艺后，出水中 TP、PO4-P 和 SS 的平均浓度分别为 0.05、0.04 和 1.1 mg/L，对应的去除效率分别为 90.9、86.5 和 79.7% 。利用 SEM、FT-IR、EDS 和 XRD 分析对 PCF 工艺反冲洗污泥特性进行的研究表明，由于 PCF 污泥中方解石和水合磷化合物含量较高，因此 PCF 污泥可作为替代土壤改良资源。