The development of 2D and 3D structures on the nanoscale containing viral nanoparticles (VNPs) as interesting nanobuilding blocks has come into focus for a bottom-up approach as an alternative to the top-down approach in nanobiotechnology. Our research has focused on the plant Tomato Bushy Stunt Virus (TBSV). In a previous study, we reported the impact of the pH value on the 2D assembly of viral monolayers. Here, we extend these studies into the third dimension by using specific interactions between the layers in combination with selective side chains on the viral capsid. The virus bilayer structure is prepared by an alternating deposition of His-tagged TBSV (4D6H-TBSV, first layer), Ni-NTA nanogold (second layer) complexes and 4D6H-TBSV, respectively, and 6D-TBSV (6xaspartic acid TBSV) as the third layer, i.e., the second layer of VNPs. The formed layer structures were imaged by using scanning force and scanning electron microscopy. The data show that a virus bilayer structure was successfully built up by means of the interaction between Ni-NTA nanogold and histidine. By comparing 4D6H- with 6D-TBSV in the third layer, the importance of these specific interactions is shown. This work paves the way for 3D nanodevices based on VNPs.

中文翻译：

---

二十面体病毒纳米粒子双层结构的自下而上组装。

在纳米尺度上开发 2D 和 3D 结构，其中包含病毒纳米粒子 (VNP) 作为有趣的纳米构建块，已成为自下而上方法的焦点，作为纳米生物技术中自上而下方法的替代方法。我们的研究集中在植物番茄丛生特技病毒 (TBSV) 上。在之前的一项研究中，我们报告了p的影响病毒单层二维组装的 H 值。在这里，我们通过使用层之间的特定相互作用以及病毒衣壳上的选择性侧链将这些研究扩展到第三维。病毒双层结构是通过交替沉积 His 标记的 TBSV（4D6H-TBSV，第一层）、Ni-NTA 纳米金（第二层）复合物和 4D6H-TBSV 和 6D-TBSV（6x天冬氨酸 TBSV）分别制备的第三层，即第二层VNP。通过使用扫描力和扫描电子显微镜对形成的层结构进行成像。数据表明，通过Ni-NTA纳米金与组氨酸的相互作用，成功构建了病毒双层结构。通过在第三层比较 4D6H- 和 6D-TBSV，显示了这些特定相互作用的重要性。