Advanced combinatorial treatments of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy do not have any effect on the enhancement of a 5-year survival rate of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The discovery of early diagnostic non-invasive biomarkers is required to improve the survival rate of OSCC patients. Recently, it has been reported that oral microbiome has a significant contribution to the development of OSCC. Oral microbiome induces inflammatory response through the production of cytokines and chemokines that enhances tumor cell proliferation and survival. The study aims to develop saliva-based oral microbiome and cytokine biomarker panel that screen OSCC patients based on the level of the microbiome and cytokine differences. We compared the oral microbiome signatures and cytokine level in the saliva of OSCC patients and healthy individuals by 16S rRNA gene sequencing targeting the V3/V4 region using the MiSeq platform and cytokine assay, respectively. The higher abundance of Prevotella melaninogenica , Fusobacterium sp., Veillonella parvula , Porphyromonas endodontalis , Prevotella pallens , Dialister , Streptococcus anginosus , Prevotella nigrescens , Campylobacter ureolyticus , Prevotella nanceiensis , Peptostreptococcus anaerobius and significant elevation of IL-8, IL-6, TNF-α, GM-CSF, and IFN-γ in the saliva of patients having OSCC. Oncobacteria such as S. anginosus , V. parvula , P. endodontalis , and P. anaerobius may contribute to the development of OSCC by increasing inflammation via increased expression of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and GM-CSF. These oncobacteria and cytokines panels could potentially be used as a non-invasive biomarker in clinical practice for more efficient screening and early detection of OSCC patients.

中文翻译：

---

唾液微生物群和细胞因子的失调通过炎症影响口腔鳞状细胞癌

手术、化疗和放疗的先进组合治疗对提高口腔鳞状细胞癌 (OSCC) 的 5 年生存率没有任何影响。需要发现早期诊断性非侵入性生物标志物以提高 OSCC 患者的生存率。最近，据报道口腔微生物组对 OSCC 的发展有重大贡献。口腔微生物组通过产生促进肿瘤细胞增殖和存活的细胞因子和趋化因子来诱导炎症反应。该研究旨在开发基于唾液的口腔微生物组和细胞因子生物标志物面板，根据微生物组和细胞因子的差异水平筛选 OSCC 患者。我们分别使用 MiSeq 平台和细胞因子分析，通过靶向 V3/V4 区域的 16S rRNA 基因测序，比较了 OSCC 患者和健康个体唾液中的口腔微生物组特征和细胞因子水平。Prevotella melaninogenica、Fusobacterium sp.、Veillonella parvula、Porphyromonas dodontalis、Prevotella pallens、Dialister、Streptococcus anginosus、Prevotella nigrescens、Campylobacter ureolyticus、Prevotella ureolyticus、Prevotella aneptella aneptella neptella aneptella 和 TNFae 显着升高OSCC 患者唾液中的α、GM-CSF 和 IFN-γ。诸如S. anginosus、V. parvula、P.endontalis 和 P.anaerobius 等癌杆菌可能通过增加炎症细胞因子（如 IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α、IFN-γ 和 GM-CSF。这些癌杆菌和细胞因子面板有可能在临床实践中用作非侵入性生物标志物，以更有效地筛查和早期检测 OSCC 患者。