Kisspeptin (KISS1) is encoded by the KISS1 gene and was initially found to be a repressor of metastasis. Natural mutations in the KISS1 receptor gene (KISS1R) were subsequently shown to be associated with idiopathic hypothalamic hypogonadism and impaired puberty. This led to interest in the role of KISS1 in reproduction. It was established that KISS1 had a fundamental role in the control of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion. KISS1 neurons have receptors for leptin and estrogen receptor α (ERα), which places KISS1 at the gateway of metabolic (leptin) and gonadal (ERα) regulation of GnRH secretion. More recently, KISS1 has been shown to act at peripheral reproductive tissues. KISS1 and KISS1R genes are expressed in follicles (granulosa, theca, oocyte), trophoblast, and uterus. KISS1 and KISS1R proteins are found in the same tissues. KISS1 appears to have autocrine and paracrine actions in follicle and oocyte maturation, trophoblast development, and implantation and placentation. In some studies, KISS1 was beneficial to in vitro oocyte maturation and blastocyst development. The next phase of KISS1 research will explore potential benefits on embryo survival and pregnancy. This will likely involve longer-term KISS1 treatments during proestrus, early embryo development, trophoblast attachment, and implantation and pregnancy. A deeper understanding of the direct action of KISS1 at reproductive tissues could help to achieve the next step change in embryo survival and improvement in the efficiency of assisted reproductive technology.

中文翻译：

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Kisspeptin 在生殖组织中的外周作用 - 在卵巢功能和胚胎植入中的作用以及与家畜辅助生殖技术的相关性：综述。


Kisspeptin (KISS1) 由KISS1基因编码，最初被发现是一种转移抑制剂。 KISS1 受体基因 ( KISS1R ) 的自然突变随后被证明与特发性下丘脑性腺功能减退症和青春期受损有关。这引发了人们对 KISS1 在生殖中的作用的兴趣。已确定 KISS1 在控制促性腺激素释放激素 (GnRH) 分泌中具有重要作用。 KISS1 神经元具有瘦素和雌激素受体 α (ERα) 受体，这将 KISS1 置于代谢（瘦素）和性腺 (ERα) 调节 GnRH 分泌的网关。最近，KISS1 已被证明可作用于外周生殖组织。 KISS1和KISS1R基因在卵泡（颗粒、卵泡膜、卵母细胞）、滋养层和子宫中表达。 KISS1 和 KISS1R 蛋白存在于相同的组织中。 KISS1 似乎在卵泡和卵母细胞成熟、滋养层发育以及植入和胎盘中具有自分泌和旁分泌作用。在一些研究中，KISS1有利于体外卵母细胞成熟和囊胚发育。 KISS1 研究的下一阶段将探索对胚胎存活和妊娠的潜在益处。这可能涉及发情前期、早期胚胎发育、滋养层附着、植入和妊娠期间的长期 KISS1 治疗。更深入地了解 KISS1 对生殖组织的直接作用可能有助于实现胚胎存活的下一步改变和辅助生殖技术效率的提高。