Left ventricular (LV) structural remodeling following athletic training has been evidenced through training-specific changes in wall thickness and geometry. Whether the LV response to changes in hemodynamic load also adapts in a training-specific manner is unknown. Using echocardiography, we examined LV responses of endurance-trained (n=15), resistance-trained (n=14), and non-athletic males (n=13) to (i) 20%, 40%, and 60% one-repetition-maximum (1RM) leg-press exercise, and (ii) intravascular Gelofusine infusion (7ml·kg^-1) with passive leg-raise. While resting heart rate was lower in endurance-trained vs. controls (P=0.001), blood pressure was similar between groups. Endurance-trained individuals had lower wall thickness, but greater LV mass relative to body surface area vs. controls, with no difference between resistance-trained and controls. Leg-press evoked a similar increase in blood pressure; however, resistance-trained preserved stroke volume (SV; -3±8%) vs. controls at 60% 1RM (-15±7%, P=0.001). While the maintenance of SV was related to the change in longitudinal strain across all groups (R=0.537; P=0.007), time-to-peak strain was maintained in resistance-trained but delayed in endurance-trained individuals (1% vs. 12% delay; P=0.021). Volume infusion caused a similar increase in end-diastolic volume (EDV) and SV across groups, but leg-raise further increased EDV only in endurance-trained individuals (5±5% to 8±5%; P=0.018). Correlation analysis revealed a relationship between SV and longitudinal strain following infusion and leg-raise (R=0.334, P=0.054), however, we observed no between-group differences in longitudinal myocardial mechanics. In conclusion, resistance-trained individuals better maintained SV during pressure loading, whereas endurance-trained individuals demonstrated greater EDV reserve during volume loading. These data provide novel evidence of training-specific LV functional remodeling.

中文翻译：

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耐力和阻力训练的男性左心室的刺激特定功能重塑。

运动训练后的左心室（LV）结构重塑已通过特定于训练的壁厚和几何形状变化得到证明。左室对血流动力学负荷变化的反应是否也以训练特定的方式适应尚不清楚。我们使用超声心动图检查了耐力训练（n = 15），阻力训练（n = 14）和非运动型男性（n = 13）对（i）20％，40％和60％的LV反应-重复最大（1RM）腿部按压运动，以及（ii）血管内输注Gelofusine（7ml kg ^-1）进行被动的腿部抬高。而在静息状态下，耐力训练的心率较低。对照组（P = 0.001），两组之间的血压相似。受耐力训练的人的壁厚较低，但相对于身体表面积而言，LV质量更大。控制，阻力训练和控制之间没有区别。压腿引起血压升高。但是，阻力训练后的保留搏动量（SV； -3±8％）与 控制在60％1RM（-15±7％，P = 0.001）。尽管SV的维持与所有组的纵向应变的变化有关（R = 0.537; P = 0.007），但在接受阻力训练的个体中维持了峰值时间，但在接受耐力训练的个体中延迟了峰值时间（1％vs.延迟为12％； P = 0.021）。大量输注引起各组舒张末期容积（EDV）和SV的增加，但是仅在耐力训练的个体中，腿部抬高进一步提高了EDV（5±5％至8±5％； P = 0.018）。相关分析显示，输注和加腿后SV与纵向应变之间存在相关性（R = 0.334，P = 0.054），但是，我们在纵向心肌力学上没有观察到组间差异。总之，受压力训练的个体在压力负荷期间可以更好地维持SV，而经过耐力训练的个体在容积负荷期间表现出更大的EDV储备。这些数据提供了训练特定的左心室功能重塑的新证据。我们没有观察到纵向心肌力学的组间差异。总之，受压力训练的个体在压力负荷期间可以更好地维持SV，而经过耐力训练的个体在容积负荷期间表现出更大的EDV储备。这些数据提供了特定于训练的LV功能重塑的新证据。我们没有观察到纵向心肌力学的组间差异。总之，受压力训练的个体在压力负荷期间可以更好地维持SV，而经过耐力训练的个体在容积负荷期间表现出更大的EDV储备。这些数据提供了训练特定的左心室功能重塑的新证据。