Access to the eukaryotic genome is key to the regulation of such DNA processes as transcription, replication and repair. About three-quarters of the human genome is stored and shielded within arrays of nucleosomes, the fundamental structural units of chromatin, each of which contains about 150bp of DNA and an octameric histone protein composed of two each of H2A, H2B, H3 and H4. Structural fluctuation of nucleosomes provides regulatory proteins with transient access to the internal DNA; however, nucleosome unwrapping, sliding and unstacking must occur to obtain full access of the DNA. In this review, we focus on the unwrapping of mononucleosomes and internucleosomal interactions to discuss our current understanding of the dynamics of the process.

中文翻译：

---

核小体展开和拆开。

获取真核基因组是调控转录、复制和修复等 DNA 过程的关键。大约四分之三的人类基因组存储和屏蔽在核小体阵列中，核小体是染色质的基本结构单位，每个核小体包含约 150bp 的 DNA 和由 H2A、H2B、H3 和 H4 各两个组成的八聚体组蛋白。核小体的结构波动为调节蛋白提供了进入内部 DNA 的瞬时通道；然而，必须发生核小体展开、滑动和解开，才能完全访问 DNA。在这篇综述中，我们专注于单核小体和核小体间相互作用的展开，以讨论我们目前对该过程动力学的理解。