PurposeSelf-selection and self-avoidance of certain foods is one possible indicator of preclinical (prior to any clinical intervention) dysphagia in healthy older adults. Self-selection of food choices is influenced by changes in a combination of factors, including neuromuscular, sensory, and individual patient characteristics. Changes to these factors occur both centrally or peripherally and can be part of typical, healthy aging. Alterations in motor, sensory, or cognitive skills may lead to self-imposed modifications to food choices and, therefore, highlight potential risk for dysphagia.ConclusionsFor effective screening and assessments procedures in healthy aging adults, the diagnosis of preclinical dysphagia will likely require a multifaceted assessment. A combination of assessment methods using objective and subjective measurements of neuromuscular, sensory, and individual patient factors, as well as knowledge of food avoidance, may provide insight for identifying community-dwelling older adults at risk for dysphagia and allow for earlier monitoring and intervention.

中文翻译：

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运动技能、感官特征和认知的变化驱动患有临床前吞咽困难的老年人的食物选择

目的自我选择和自我回避某些食物是健康老年人临床前（在任何临床干预之前）吞咽困难的可能指标之一。食物选择的自我选择受到多种因素组合变化的影响，包括神经肌肉、感觉和个体患者特征。这些因素的变化发生在中枢或外周，并且可能是典型的健康衰老的一部分。运动、感觉或认知技能的改变可能会导致自我改变食物选择，因此，凸显吞咽困难的潜在风险。结论为了对健康老年人进行有效的筛查和评估程序，临床前吞咽困难的诊断可能需要进行多方面的评估。使用神经肌肉、感觉和个体患者因素的客观和主观测量以及避免食物的知识的评估方法相结合，可以为识别有吞咽困难风险的社区老年人提供见解，并允许早期监测和干预。