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Advances in Molecular Diagnosis of Tuberculosis.
Journal of Clinical Microbiology ( IF 6.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-22 , DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01582-19
Emily MacLean 1, 2 , Mikashmi Kohli 1, 2 , Stefan F Weber 3 , Anita Suresh 4 , Samuel G Schumacher 4 , Claudia M Denkinger 2, 3 , Madhukar Pai 2, 5, 6
Affiliation  

Molecular tests for tuberculosis (TB) have the potential to help reach the three million people with TB who are undiagnosed or not reported each year and to improve the quality of care TB patients receive by providing accurate, quick results, including rapid drug-susceptibility testing. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended the use of molecular nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) tests for TB detection instead of smear microscopy, as they are able to detect TB more accurately, particularly in patients with paucibacillary disease and in people living with HIV. Importantly, some of these WHO-endorsed tests can detect mycobacterial gene mutations associated with anti-TB drug resistance, allowing clinicians to tailor effective TB treatment. Currently, a wide array of molecular tests for TB detection is being developed and evaluated, and while some tests are intended for reference laboratory use, others are being aimed at the point-of-care and peripheral health care settings. Notably, there is an emergence of molecular tests designed, manufactured, and rolled out in countries with high TB burden, of which some are explicitly aimed for near-patient placement. These developments should increase access to molecular TB testing for larger patient populations. With respect to drug susceptibility testing, NAATs and next-generation sequencing can provide results substantially faster than traditional phenotypic culture. Here, we review recent advances and developments in molecular tests for detecting TB as well as anti-TB drug resistance.

中文翻译:

结核病分子诊断的进展。

通过提供准确,快速的结果(包括快速的药物敏感性测试),结核病的分子检测有望帮助每年覆盖300万未诊断或未报告的结核病患者,并提高结核病患者的护理质量。 。世界卫生组织(WHO)建议使用分子核酸扩增试验(NAAT)进行结核病检测,而不是涂片显微镜检查,因为它们能够更准确地检测结核病,尤其是在患有脓杆菌病的患者和艾滋病病毒。重要的是,其中一些经WHO认可的测试可以检测与抗结核药物耐药性相关的分枝杆菌基因突变,从而使临床医生可以定制有效的结核病治疗方法。目前,正在开发和评估各种用于结核病检测的分子测试,一些测试旨在供参考实验室使用,而其他测试则针对医疗点和外围医疗机构。值得注意的是,在结核病高负担的国家中出现了设计,制造和推广的分子检测方法,其中一些明确针对近患者放置。这些发展将为更多的患者群体增加分子结核病检测的机会。关于药物敏感性测试,NAAT和下一代测序可提供比传统表型培养更快的结果。在这里,我们回顾了用于检测结核病以及抗结核药物耐药性的分子测试的最新进展。值得注意的是,在结核病高负担的国家中出现了设计,制造和推广的分子检测方法,其中一些明确针对近患者放置。这些发展将使更多的患者群体获得分子结核病检测的机会。关于药物敏感性测试,NAAT和下一代测序可以提供比传统表型培养更快的结果。在这里,我们回顾了用于检测结核病以及抗结核药物耐药性的分子测试的最新进展。值得注意的是,在结核病高负担的国家中出现了设计,制造和推广的分子检测方法,其中一些明确针对近患者放置。这些发展将为更多的患者群体增加分子结核病检测的机会。关于药物敏感性测试,NAAT和下一代测序可提供比传统表型培养更快的结果。在这里,我们回顾了用于检测结核病以及抗结核药物耐药性的分子测试的最新进展。关于药物敏感性测试,NAAT和下一代测序可提供比传统表型培养更快的结果。在这里,我们回顾了用于检测结核病以及抗结核药物耐药性的分子测试的最新进展。关于药物敏感性测试,NAAT和下一代测序可提供比传统表型培养更快的结果。在这里,我们回顾了用于检测结核病以及抗结核药物耐药性的分子测试的最新进展。
更新日期:2020-09-22
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