Interest in adipose tissue pathophysiology and biochemistry have expanded considerably in the past two decades due to the ever increasing and alarming rates of global obesity and its critical outcome defined as metabolic syndrome (MS). This obesity-linked systemic dysfunction generates high risk factors of developing perilous diseases like type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease or cancer. Amino acids could play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of the MS onset. Focus of this study was to fully characterize amino acids metabolome modulations in visceral adipose tissues (VAT) from three adult cohorts: (i) obese patients (BMI 43–48) with metabolic syndrome (PO), (ii) obese subjects metabolically well (O), and (iii) non obese individuals (H). 128 metabolites identified as 20 protein amino acids, 85 related compounds and 13 dipeptides were measured by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (UPLC-MS/MS) and gas chromatography-/mass spectrometry GC/MS, in visceral fat samples from a total of 53 patients. Our analysis indicates a probable enhanced BCAA (leucine, isoleucine, valine) degradation in both VAT from O and PO subjects, while levels of their oxidation products are increased. Also PO and O VAT samples were characterized by: elevated levels of kynurenine, a catabolic product of tryptophan and precursor of diabetogenic substances, a significant increase of cysteine sulfinic acid levels, a decrease of 1-methylhistidine, and an up regulating trend of 3-methylhistidine levels. We hope this profiling can aid in novel clinical strategies development against the progression from obesity to metabolic syndrome.

在过去的二十年中，由于全球肥胖症及其以代谢综合征（MS）定义的关键结果的不断增加和令人震惊的程度，人们对脂肪组织病理生理学和生物化学的兴趣大大增加。这种与肥胖相关的全身机能障碍会产生发展为2型糖尿病，心血管疾病或癌症等危险疾病的高风险因素。氨基酸可能在MS发病的病理生理中起关键作用。这项研究的重点是全面表征来自三个成年队列的内脏脂肪组织（VAT）中的氨基酸代谢组调节：（i）患有代谢综合征（PO）的肥胖患者（BMI 43-48），（ii）代谢良好的肥胖受试者（ O）和（iii）非肥胖人士（H）。128种代谢产物被鉴定为20个蛋白质氨基酸，通过超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法（UPLC-MS / MS）和气相色谱/质谱法GC / MS测定了总共53例患者的内脏脂肪样品中的85种相关化合物和13种二肽。我们的分析表明，来自O和PO受试者的增值税中BCAA（亮氨酸，异亮氨酸，缬氨酸）的降解可能会增强，而其氧化产物的水平会增加。PO和O VAT样品的特征还在于：犬尿氨酸水平升高，色氨酸的分解代谢产物和致糖尿病物质的前体，半胱氨酸亚磺酸水平显着增加，1-甲基组氨酸降低和3-上调趋势甲基组氨酸水平。我们希望这种分析可以帮助开发新的临床策略，以应对从肥胖到代谢综合症的发展。