Genetic predispositions and environmental exposures are regarded as the main predictors of respiratory disease development. Although the impact of dietary essential nutrient deficiencies on cardiovascular disease, obesity, and type II diabetes has been widely studied, it remains poorly explored in chronic respiratory diseases. Dietary choline and methionine deficiencies are common in the population, and their impact on pulmonary homeostasis is currently unknown. Mice were fed choline- and/or methionine-deficient diets while being exposed to room-air or cigarette smoke for up to 4 wk. Lung functions were assessed using the FlexiVent. Pulmonary transcriptional activity was assessed using gene expression microarrays and quantitative PCR. Immune cells, cytokines, and phosphatidylcholine were quantified in the bronchoalveolar lavage. In this study, we found that short-term dietary choline and/or methionine deficiencies significantly affect lung function in mice in a reversible manner. It also reduced transcriptional levels of collagens and elastin as well as pulmonary surfactant phosphatidylcholine levels. We also found that dietary choline and/or methionine deficiencies markedly interfered with the pulmonary response to cigarette smoke exposure, modulating lung function and dampening inflammation. These findings clearly show that dietary choline and/or methionine deficiencies can have dramatic pathophysiological effects on the lungs and can also affect the pathobiology of cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary alterations. Expanding our knowledge in the field of “nutri-respiratory research” may reveal a crucial role for essential nutrients in pulmonary health and disease, which may prove to be as relevant as genetic predispositions and environmental exposures.

中文翻译：

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在正常和香烟接触条件下，饮食蛋氨酸和胆碱在维持肺稳态方面至关重要。

遗传易感性和环境暴露被认为是呼吸系统疾病发展的主要预测指标。尽管饮食中必需营养素缺乏对心血管疾病，肥胖症和II型糖尿病的影响已得到广泛研究，但在慢性呼吸道疾病中仍缺乏探索。饮食中胆碱和蛋氨酸缺乏症在人群中很常见，它们对肺稳态的影响目前未知。给小鼠饲喂胆碱和/或蛋氨酸缺乏的饮食，同时使其暴露于室内空气或香烟烟雾中长达4周。使用FlexiVent评估肺功能。使用基因表达微阵列和定量PCR评估肺转录活性。在支气管肺泡灌洗液中定量免疫细胞，细胞因子和磷脂酰胆碱。在这个研究中，我们发现短期饮食中的胆碱和/或蛋氨酸缺乏症会以可逆的方式显着影响小鼠的肺功能。它还降低了胶原蛋白和弹性蛋白的转录水平，以及肺表面活性剂磷脂酰胆碱的水平。我们还发现饮食中胆碱和/或蛋氨酸的缺乏明显干扰了对香烟烟雾暴露的肺部反应，调节了肺功能并减轻了炎症。这些发现清楚地表明，饮食中胆碱和/或蛋氨酸的缺乏会对肺部产生巨大的病理生理影响，也可能影响香烟烟雾引起的肺部改变的病理生物学。扩展我们在“营养呼吸研究”领域的知识可能会揭示必需营养素在肺部健康和疾病中的关键作用，