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Physiological Responses of Fish to Oil Spills.
Annual Review of Marine Science ( IF 14.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-04 , DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-040120-094802
Martin Grosell 1 , Christina Pasparakis 1
Affiliation  

Millions of tons of oil are spilled in aquatic environments every decade, and this oil has the potential to greatly impact fish populations. Here, we review available information on the physiological effects of oil and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on fish. Oil toxicity affects multiple biological systems, including cardiac function, cholesterol biosynthesis, peripheral and central nervous system function, the stress response, and osmoregulatory and acid–base balance processes. We propose that cholesterol depletion may be a significant contributor to impacts on cardiac, neuronal, and synaptic function as well as reduced cortisol production and release. Furthermore, it is possible that intracellular calcium homeostasis—a part of cardiotoxic and neuronal function that is affected by oil exposure—may be related to cholesterol depletion. A detailed understanding of oil impacts and affected physiological processes is emerging, but knowledge of their combined effects on fish in natural habitats is largely lacking. We identify key areas deserving attention in future research.

中文翻译:


鱼对溢油的生理反应。

每十年将数百万吨的油泄漏到水生环境中,这种油有可能极大地影响鱼类种群。在这里,我们回顾了有关油和多环芳烃对鱼类生理影响的可用信息。油脂毒性会影响多种生物系统,包括心脏功能,胆固醇生物合成,外周和中枢神经系统功能,应激反应以及渗透调节和酸碱平衡过程。我们认为胆固醇的消耗可能是影响心脏,神经元和突触功能以及减少皮质醇产生和释放的重要因素。此外,细胞内钙稳态(受油暴露影响的心脏毒性和神经元功能的一部分)可能与胆固醇消耗有关。对油的影响和受影响的生理过程的详细了解正在兴起,但在自然栖息地中,它们对鱼类的综合影响尚缺乏了解。我们确定了未来研究中值得关注的关键领域。

更新日期:2021-01-05
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