As a hyper-natural interaction technique in 3D user interfaces, non-isomorphic rotation has been considered an effective approach for rotation tasks, where a static or dynamic control-display gain can be applied to amplify or attenuate a rotation. However, it is not clear whether non-isomorphic rotation can benefit 6-degree-of-freedom (6-DOF) manipulation tasks in AR and VR. In this article, we extended the usability studies of non-isomorphic rotation from rotation-only tasks to 6-DOF manipulation tasks and analyzed the collected data using a 2-component model. Using a mixed reality (MR) simulation approach, we also investigated whether environment (AR or VR) had an impact on 3D manipulation tasks. The results reveal that although both static and dynamic non-isomorphic rotation techniques could save time and effort in ballistic phases, only dynamic non-isomorphic rotation was significantly faster than isomorphic rotation. Interestingly, while environment had no significant impact on overall user performance, we found evidence that it could affect fine-tuning in correction phases. We also found that most participants preferred AR over VR, indicating that environmental visual realism could be helpful to improve user experience.

中文翻译：

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在混合现实模拟中评估非同构旋转对 3D 操作任务的影响

作为 3D 用户界面中的一种超自然交互技术，非同构旋转已被认为是旋转任务的有效方法，其中可以应用静态或动态控制显示增益来放大或减弱旋转。然而，目前尚不清楚非同构旋转是否有益于 AR 和 VR 中的 6 自由度 (6-DOF) 操作任务。在本文中，我们将非同构旋转的可用性研究从仅旋转任务扩展到 6 自由度操作任务，并使用 2 分量模型分析了收集的数据。使用混合现实 (MR) 模拟方法，我们还调查了环境（AR 或 VR）是否对 3D 操作任务产生影响。结果表明，虽然静态和动态非同构旋转技术都可以在弹道阶段节省时间和精力，只有动态非同构旋转明显快于同构旋转。有趣的是，虽然环境对整体用户性能没有显着影响，但我们发现有证据表明它可能会影响校正阶段的微调。我们还发现，大多数参与者更喜欢 AR 而不是 VR，这表明环境视觉真实感可能有助于改善用户体验。