Abstract Rabies is a fatal zoonotic infection of the central nervous system of mammals and has been known to humans for millennia. The etiological agent, is a neurotropic RNA virus in the order Mononegavirales, family Rhabdoviridae, genus Lyssavirus. There are currently accepted to be two cycles for rabies transmission: the urban cycle and the sylvatic cycle. The fact that both cycles originated from a common RABV or lyssavirus ancestor and the adaptive divergence that occurred since then as this ancestor virus adapted to a wide range of fitness landscapes represented by reservoir species in the orders Carnivora and Chiroptera led to the emergence of the diverse RABV lineages currently found in the sylvatic and urban cycles. Here we study full genome phylogenies and the time to the most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) of the RABVs in the sylvatic and urban cycles. Results show that there were differences between the nucleotide substitution rates per site per year for the same RABV genes maintained independently in the urban and sylvatic cycles. The results identify the most suitable gene for phylogenetic analysis, heterotachy among RABV genes and the TMRCA for the two cycles.

中文翻译：

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空中和陆地哺乳动物狂犬病病毒的多样化

摘要 狂犬病是哺乳动物中枢神经系统的一种致命的人畜共患传染病，人类已知数千年。病原体是嗜神经性 RNA 病毒，单核病毒目、弹状病毒科、狂犬病病毒属。目前公认的狂犬病传播有两个周期：城市周期和森林周期。事实上，这两个循环都起源于一个共同的 RABV 或狂犬病病毒祖先，以及自那时以来发生的适应性分歧，因为这种祖先病毒适应了以食肉目和手足目中的水库物种为代表的广泛适应性景观，导致出现了不同的目前在森林和城市循环中发现的 RABV 谱系。在这里，我们研究了森林和城市周期中 RABV 的全基因组系统发育和最近共同祖先 (TMRCA) 的时间。结果表明，对于在城市和森林循环中独立维持的相同 RABV 基因，每年每个位点的核苷酸替代率之间存在差异。结果确定了最适合进行系统发育分析的基因，RABV 基因之间的异质性和两个循环的 TMRCA。