In most attentional-control tasks, incongruent trials (i.e., trials with a conflict between two responses) are intermixed with congruent trials (i.e., trials without conflict). Typically, performance is slower and more error-prone on incongruent trials than on congruent trials. This congruency effect has been found to be smaller after incongruent trials than after congruent trials. This finding-labeled the congruency sequence effect (CSE)-has been assumed to reflect a dynamic adjustment of attentional control, which enables participants to enhance goal-relevant features and to inhibit irrelevant features. Only a few studies have investigated the impact of aging on the CSE, and their results are mixed. Compared to young adults, older adults were found to show a similar CSE, no CSE, a larger CSE, or a smaller CSE. This discrepancy in results has been interpreted as the consequence of using different tasks. To test for this, we conducted new analyses on 9 tasks-the color Stroop, number Stroop, arrow flanker, letter flanker, Simon, global-local, positive compatibility, and negative compatibility task-from our previous study (Rey-Mermet, Gade, & Oberauer, 2018). Both a null-hypothesis significance testing approach and a Bayesian hypothesis testing approach showed a similar CSE in both age groups for most tasks. Only in the Stroop tasks, the CSE was larger for older adults. These results are incompatible with the hypothesis of a general age-related deficit in attentional control. At the same time, they question the construct validity of the CSE. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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一致性序列效应中与年龄相关的缺陷是特定于任务的：对九项任务的调查。

在大多数注意控制任务中，将不一致的试验（即两个响应之间存在冲突的试验）与一致的试验（即无冲突的试验）混合在一起。通常，与不一致的试验相比，不一致的试验的性能更慢且更容易出错。已经发现，在不一致的试验之后，这种一致性效果要比一致试验后的效果小。假定这个发现标记为一致序列效应（CSE）-反映了注意力控制的动态调整，这使参与者能够增强与目标相关的功能并抑制与目标无关的功能。仅有少数研究调查了老化对CSE的影响，其结果好坏参半。与年轻人相比，发现老年人的CSE相似，无CSE，CSE较大或CSE较小。结果的差异被解释为使用不同任务的结果。为了对此进行测试，我们对9个任务进行了新的分析-颜色Stroop，数字Stroop，箭头侧翼，字母侧翼，Simon，全局局部，正兼容性和负兼容性任务-来自我们先前的研究（Rey-Mermet，Gade ，＆Oberauer，2018）。零假设重要性检验方法和贝叶斯假设检验方法在大多数任务的两个年龄组均显示出相似的CSE。仅在Stroop任务中，老年人的CSE才更大。这些结果与注意力控制中普遍存在的年龄相关性缺陷的假设不符。同时，他们质疑CSE的结构有效性。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2020 APA，保留所有权利）。