Inhibitory control is proposed to involve 2 dissociable processes that feature distinct types of inhibition: a threshold adjustment process involving the global inhibition of motor output and a controlled selection process involving competitive inhibition among coactive responses. Recent research with children and young adults indicates that the functioning of these processes can be targeted by measuring participants' hand movements as they perform inhibitory control tasks by reaching to touch response options on a digital display. The current study explores (a) whether this method can be used to target the functioning of the threshold adjustment process and controlled selection process in adults 65 to 75 years of age and, if so, (b) whether the functioning of each process changes between early and late adulthood. Results from the Eriksen flanker task indicate that reach tracking can be used to target the functioning of each process in late adulthood, with older adults and young adults generating similar patterns of initiation time and curvature effects. The congruency effect observed in response times was significantly larger in older adults than in young adults, indicating that inhibitory control declines in late adulthood. Importantly, this effect was specific to initiation times, suggesting that the threshold adjustment process functions differently in early adulthood than in late adulthood. These results present a new perspective on how age-related differences in inhibitory control are conceptualized and assessed, and raise important questions concerning how the threshold adjustment and controlled selection processes function across a wider range of tasks in late adulthood. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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跟踪成年早期和晚期的全局抑制和竞争抑制的动态：侧翼任务的证据。

建议抑制性控制涉及两个可分离的过程，这些过程具有不同的抑制类型：阈值调整过程涉及运动输出的整体抑制，受控选择过程涉及协同反应之间的竞争性抑制。最近对儿童和年轻人的研究表明，这些过程的功能可以通过测量参与者的手部动作来确定，这些参与者通过触摸数字显示屏上的触摸响应选项来执行抑制性控制任务。当前的研究探讨（a）该方法是否可用于确定65至75岁成年人的阈值调整过程和受控选择过程的功能，如果是，则（b）每个过程的功能是否在成年早期和晚期。Eriksen侧翼任务的结果表明，到达跟踪可用于确定成年后期每个过程的功能，而老年人和年轻人会产生相似的启动时间和弯曲度模式。在老年人中观察到的响应时间上的一致性效应显着大于在年轻人中，表明抑制控制在成年后期下降。重要的是，这种效应是特定于起始时间的，这表明阈值调整过程在成年早期与成年晚期不同。这些结果为抑制控制中与年龄相关的差异的概念化和评估提出了新的观点，并提出有关阈值调整和受控选择过程如何在成年后期的更广泛任务中起作用的重要问题。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2020 APA，保留所有权利）。