Previously, we demonstrated that in young adults, briefly thinking of (i.e., refreshing) a just-seen word impairs immediate (100-ms delay) perceptual processing of the word, relative to words seen but not refreshed. We suggested that such reflective-induced inhibition biases attention toward new information. Here, we investigated whether reduced accessibility of refreshed targets dissipates with a longer delay and whether older adults would show a smaller and/or delayed effect compared with young adults. Young adult and older adult participants saw 2 words, followed by a cue to refresh one of these words. After either a 100-ms or 500-ms delay, participants read a word that was the refreshed word (refreshed probe), the nonrefreshed word (nonrefreshed probe), or a new word (novel probe). Young adults were slower to read refreshed probes than nonrefreshed probes at the 100-ms, but not the 500-ms, delay. Conversely, older adults were slower to read refreshed probes than nonrefreshed probes at the 500-ms, but not the 100-ms, delay. The delayed slowing of responses to refreshed probes was primarily observed in older-old adults (75+ years). A delay in suppressing the target of refreshing may disrupt the fluidity with which attention can be shifted to a new target. Importantly, a long-term memory benefit of refreshing was observed for both ages and delays. These results suggest that a full characterization of age-related memory deficits should consider the time course of effects and how specific component cognitive processes affect both working and long-term memory. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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与年龄相关的延迟导致刷新物品的可及性降低。


之前，我们证明，在年轻人中，相对于看到但未刷新的单词，短暂思考（即刷新）刚刚看到的单词会损害该单词的立即（100 毫秒延迟）感知处理。我们认为，这种反思引起的抑制会使人们的注意力偏向新信息。在这里，我们研究了刷新目标的可及性降低是否会随着较长的延迟而消失，以及与年轻人相比，老年人是否会表现出较小和/或延迟的影响。年轻人和老年人参与者看到 2 个单词，然后出现刷新其中一个单词的提示。经过 100 毫秒或 500 毫秒的延迟后，参与者读取刷新单词（刷新探针）、非刷新单词（非刷新探针）或新单词（新颖探针）。年轻人在 100 毫秒延迟时读取刷新探针的速度比非刷新探针慢，但在 500 毫秒延迟时则不然。相反，老年人在 500 毫秒延迟时读取刷新探针的速度比非刷新探针慢，但在 100 毫秒延迟时则不然。对刷新探针的反应延迟减慢主要在老年人（75 岁以上）中观察到。延迟抑制刷新目标可能会破坏注意力转移到新目标的流动性。重要的是，我们观察到刷新对于年龄和延迟的长期记忆都有好处。这些结果表明，对与年龄相关的记忆缺陷的全面表征应考虑影响的时间过程以及特定组成部分的认知过程如何影响工作记忆和长期记忆。 （PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2020 APA，保留所有权利）。