Recent evidence indicates that older adults' decreased ability to inhibit irrelevant information may lead to increased processing and greater memory for distractor information compared with younger adults. The present experiments examine the generality of this finding in a series of Stroop studies. In Experiment 1, participants studied a list of words then received a Stroop color naming task, with to-be-remembered words embedded within the Stroop task. Although there was evidence of a disproportionate age-related Stroop effect, there was no evidence of an age difference in episodic recognition memory for words from the Stroop task. Experiment 2 extended this paradigm to a more implicit demasking task. Again, there was evidence of an age-related disproportionate Stroop effect, however, there were no differences in memory for unattended words in demasking performance. Experiment 3 was a direct replication of a previous study which reported age differences in the influence of unattended words, via implicit priming in a general knowledge test. The results did not replicate the original study such that younger adults showed slightly more priming from distractors than older adults. The results provide converging evidence that although older adults have more difficulty inhibiting irrelevant information in the Stroop task, distractor information does not seem to disproportionately influence later memory for older adults compared with younger adults. These studies suggest that it is critical to consider the locus of memory encoding in distractor tasks to better understand the relationship between inhibitory processes during the distractor task and later memory performance. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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在Stroop任务中处理与目标无关的信息的后果。

最近的证据表明，与年轻人相比，老年人抑制无关信息的能力下降可能导致处理能力的增加和对干扰信息的更大记忆。本实验在一系列Stroop研究中检验了这一发现的普遍性。在实验1中，参与者研究了一个单词列表，然后接受了Stroop颜色命名任务，并将要记住的单词嵌入到Stroop任务中。尽管有证据表明与年龄相关的Stroop效应不成比例，但没有证据表明Stroop任务中单词的情节识别记忆存在年龄差异。实验2将这种范例扩展到了更隐式的去掩盖任务。同样，有证据表明与年龄有关的Stroop效应不成比例，无人值守的单词在掩盖性能方面的内存没有差异。实验3是先前研究的直接复制，该研究报告了在一般知识测验中通过隐式启动来引起无人值守单词影响的年龄差异。该结果没有重复原始研究，因此，年轻人显示的干扰因素引发的启动作用比老年人更高。结果提供了越来越多的证据，尽管老年人在Stroop任务中抑制无关信息的难度更大，但与年轻人相比，干扰者的信息似乎并未对老年人的后期记忆产生不成比例的影响。这些研究表明，至关重要的是要考虑干扰项任务中的记忆编码位点，以便更好地了解干扰项任务期间的抑制过程与以后的记忆表现之间的关系。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2020 APA，保留所有权利）。