In tasks like Stroop, it is well documented that cognitive control is affected by experiences with past conflict on 2 timescales. The "immediate" timescale is evidenced by congruency sequence effects while the "long" timescale is evidenced by list-wide proportion congruence effects. What remains underspecified is whether relatively recent experiences with conflict (i.e. recent timescale of a few preceding trials) also uniquely affect control and how experiences on different timescales are weighted. We conducted 3 preregistered experiments using a novel Stroop paradigm designed to isolate the effects of the recent timescale and measured cognitive control via diagnostic items. In Experiment 1, we manipulated the level of conflict experienced in the recent timescale within mostly congruent and mostly incongruent lists. Controlling for conflict experiences in the long and immediate timescales, we found that conflict in the recent timescale affected cognitive control and did so similarly across list types. In Experiment 2 we found a boundary condition for the effects of recent conflict -when the recent timescale was preceded by 50% congruent trials, conflict in the recent timescale did not affect cognitive control. Experiment 3 systematically replicated the findings of Experiment 1 and demonstrated that conflict in the recent timescale affected cognitive control even after a long unfilled delay between recent conflict and subsequent diagnostic trials. These novel findings expand understanding of how conflict experiences in the recent timescale affect cognitive control and highlight the need to expand theories of cognitive control to incorporate the recent timescale and its interaction with other timescales. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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近期冲突对认知控制的独特影响。

在像 Stroop 这样的任务中，有充分证据表明，认知控制受过去在 2 个时间尺度上的冲突经历的影响。“立即”时间尺度由一致性序列效应证明，而“长”时间尺度由列表范围的比例一致性效应证明。尚不清楚的是，相对较新的冲突经历（即一些先前试验的最近时间尺度）是否也独特地影响控制以及如何加权不同时间尺度上的经历。我们使用新的 Stroop 范式进行了 3 个预注册实验，该范式旨在通过诊断项目隔离最近时间尺度的影响和测量的认知控制。在实验 1 中，我们在大部分一致和大部分不一致的列表中操纵了最近时间尺度内经历的冲突水平。控制长期和即时时间尺度中的冲突经历，我们发现最近时间尺度中的冲突影响认知控制，并且在列表类型中的影响相似。在实验 2 中，我们发现了近期冲突影响的边界条件——当近期时间尺度之前有 50% 的一致试验时，近期时间尺度中的冲突不会影响认知控制。实验 3 系统地复制了实验 1 的结果，并证明即使在最近的冲突和随后的诊断试验之间存在长时间未填补的延迟之后，最近时间尺度的冲突也会影响认知控制。这些新发现扩展了对近期时间尺度中的冲突经历如何影响认知控制的理解，并强调需要扩展认知控制理论以将近期时间尺度及其与其他时间尺度的相互作用结合起来。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2020 APA，保留所有权利）。