The ESCRT (endosomal complex required for transport) machinery remodels membranes to bud vesicles away from the cytoplasm. In addition to this classic role, ESCRTs are now understood to repair damage in the plasma membrane, nuclear envelope, and throughout the endolysosomal network. Wounds in endolysosomal membranes are caused by pathogens, particulates, and other chemical or metabolic stresses. Nanoscale damage in these membranes promotes activation and engagement of ESCRT proteins. A full understanding of damage signals, molecular sensing, and the mechanism of membrane repair is yet to be developed. Nevertheless, a triggering role for calcium and ESCRT-I in recruiting ESCRT-III machinery for membrane remodeling is a repeated theme in functional studies of this response. In our current understanding of the continuum of cellular responses to lipid bilayer damage, the ESCRT machinery is fast, sensitive, and deployed independently of other systems.

中文翻译：

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ESCRT 将拇指放在纳米尺度上：修复内溶酶体中的小孔。


ESCRT（运输所需的内体复合物）机器重塑膜，使芽囊泡远离细胞质。除了这一经典作用外，ESCRT 现在被认为可以修复质膜、核膜和整个内溶酶体网络的损伤。内溶酶体膜的伤口是由病原体、颗粒物和其他化学或代谢应激引起的。这些膜的纳米级损伤促进了 ESCRT 蛋白的激活和参与。对损伤信号、分子传感和膜修复机制的全面理解还有待发展。然而，钙和 ESCRT-I 在招募 ESCRT-III 机制进行膜重塑方面的触发作用是这种反应的功能研究中反复出现的主题。根据我们目前对细胞对脂质双层损伤的连续反应的理解，ESCRT 机制快速、灵敏，并且独立于其他系统部署。