Abstract

The presence of toxic trace metals and high concentrations of essential elements in the environment presents a serious threat to living organism. Various methods have been used for the detection, preconcentration and remediation of these metals from biological, environmental and food matrices. Owing to the complexicity of samples, methods with high selectivity have been used for detection, preconcentration and remediation of these trace metals. These methods are achieved by the use of ion-imprinted polymers (IIPs) due to their impressive properties such as selectivity, high extraction efficiency, speciation capability and reusability. Because of the increase of toxic trace and essential metals in the environment, IIPs have attracted great use in analytical chemistry. This review, provide a brief background on IIPs and polymerization method that are used for their preparation. Recent applications of IIPs as adsorbents for preconcentration, removal, speciation and electrochemical detection of trace and essential metal is also discussed.

摘要

环境中有毒微量金属和高浓度必需元素的存在对生物体构成严重威胁。各种方法已被用于从生物、环境和食品基质中检测、预浓缩和修复这些金属。由于样品的复杂性，高选择性的方法已被用于这些痕量金属的检测、预浓缩和修复。这些方法是通过使用离子印迹聚合物 (IIP) 实现的，因为它们具有令人印象深刻的特性，例如选择性、高提取效率、物种形成能力和可重复使用性。由于环境中有毒痕量和必需金属的增加，IIP 在分析化学中得到了广泛应用。这篇评论，简要介绍 IIP 的背景和用于制备 IIP 的聚合方法。还讨论了 IIP 作为吸附剂在痕量和基本金属的预浓缩、去除、形态形成和电化学检测中的最新应用。