Nesfatin-1 is a naturally occurring orphan ligand in fish and mammals. Research in our lab resulted in the identification of an inhibitory role for nesfatin-1 on pituitary hormones (goldfish) and oocyte maturation (zebrafish). The present study is an extension of these original findings, and aimed to determine whether nesfatin-1 has any additional effects on HPG genes in male and female goldfish. We found that a single intraperitoneal (I.P) injection of synthetic nesfatin-1 (50 ng/g body weight) downregulated the expression of salmon gonadotropin-releasing hormone (sgnrh), chicken gnrh-II (cgnrh-II), kisspeptin receptor (gpr54a) and brain aromatase (cyp19a1b) mRNAs in the hypothalamus of both male and female goldfish at 15 minutes post-administration. In the pituitary of both males and females, nesfatin-1 reduced luteinizing hormone beta (lhβ) and follicle stimulating hormone beta (fshβ) mRNA expression at 60 minutes, and gpr54a mRNA at 15 minutes. Similarly, the gonadotropin receptors lhr and fshr were downregulated in the gonads. Meanwhile, gonadotropin inhibiting hormone (gnih), gnih receptor, kisspeptin 1 (kiss1) and gpr54a mRNA expression were in the gonads were increased post nesfatin-1 treatment. Nesfatin-1 negatively influences the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily A member 1, anti-mullerian hormone and aromatase mRNAs. In agreement with these results, nesfatin-1 reduced plasma estradiol and testosterone in female and male goldfish circulation at 60 min post injection. The information generated through this research further solidified nesfatin-1 as an inhibitor of reproductive hormones in fish. The suppression of nesfatin-1 and related peptides could yield beneficial effects in fish reproduction and aquaculture.

中文翻译：

---

Nesfatin-1 抑制鱼类生殖轴和性腺类固醇生成

Nesfatin-1 是一种天然存在于鱼类和哺乳动物中的孤儿配体。我们实验室的研究确定了 nesfatin-1 对垂体激素（金鱼）和卵母细胞成熟（斑马鱼）的抑制作用。本研究是这些原始发现的延伸，旨在确定 nesfatin-1 是否对雄性和雌性金鱼的 HPG 基因有任何额外影响。我们发现单次腹膜内 (IP) 注射合成 nesfatin-1（50 ng/g 体重）可下调鲑鱼促性腺激素释放激素 (sgnrh)、鸡 gnrh-II (cgnrh-II)、kisspeptin 受体 (gpr54a) 的表达) 和雄性和雌性金鱼下丘脑中的脑芳香酶 (cyp19a1b) mRNA 在给药后 15 分钟。在男性和女性的垂体中，nesfatin-1 在 60 分钟时降低了促黄体激素 β (lhβ) 和促卵泡激素 β (fshβ) mRNA 的表达，并在 15 分钟时降低了 gpr54a mRNA 的表达。类似地，促性腺激素受体 lhr 和 fshr 在性腺中被下调。同时，促性腺激素抑制激素 (gnih)、gnih 受体、kisspeptin 1 (kiss1) 和 gpr54a mRNA 在性腺中的表达在 nesfatin-1 处理后增加。Nesfatin-1 对类固醇生成急性调节蛋白、细胞色素 P450 家族 11 亚家族 A 成员 1、抗苗勒管激素和芳香酶 mRNA 产生负面影响。与这些结果一致，nesfatin-1 在注射后 60 分钟降低雌性和雄性金鱼循环中的血浆雌二醇和睾酮。通过这项研究产生的信息进一步巩固了 nesfatin-1 作为鱼类生殖激素抑制剂的地位。nesfatin-1 和相关肽的抑制可以在鱼类繁殖和水产养殖中产生有益的影响。