Purpose

To compare the system accuracy and needle placement performance of smartphone- and smartglasses-based augmented reality (AR) for percutaneous needle interventions.

Methods

An AR platform was developed to enable the superimposition of annotated anatomy and a planned needle trajectory onto a patient in real time. The system accuracy of the AR display on smartphone (iPhone7) and smartglasses (HoloLens1) devices was evaluated on a 3D-printed phantom. The target overlay error was measured as the distance between actual and virtual targets (n = 336) on the AR display, derived from preprocedural CT. The needle overlay angle was measured as the angular difference between actual and virtual needles (n = 12) on the AR display. Three operators each used the iPhone (n = 8), HoloLens (n = 8) and CT-guided freehand (n = 8) to guide needles into targets in a phantom. Needle placement error was measured with post-placement CT. Needle placement time was recorded from needle puncture to navigation completion.

Results

The target overlay error of the iPhone was comparable to the HoloLens (1.75 ± 0.59 mm, 1.74 ± 0.86 mm, respectively, p = 0.9). The needle overlay angle of the iPhone and HoloLens was similar (0.28 ± 0.32°, 0.41 ± 0.23°, respectively, p = 0.26). The iPhone-guided needle placements showed reduced error compared to the HoloLens (2.58 ± 1.04 mm, 3.61 ± 2.25 mm, respectively, p = 0.05) and increased time (87 ± 17 s, 71 ± 27 s, respectively, p = 0.02). Both AR devices reduced placement error compared to CT-guided freehand (15.92 ± 8.06 mm, both p < 0.001).

Conclusion

An augmented reality platform employed on smartphone and smartglasses devices may provide accurate display and navigation guidance for percutaneous needle-based interventions.

中文翻译：

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用于经皮针头干预的智能手机与基于智能眼镜的增强现实 (AR)：系统准确性和可行性研究。

目的

比较基于智能手机和智能眼镜的增强现实 (AR) 用于经皮针头干预的系统准确性和针头放置性能。

方法

开发了一个 AR 平台，以便将注释解剖结构和计划的针轨迹实时叠加到患者身上。智能手机 (iPhone7) 和智能眼镜 (HoloLens1) 设备上的 AR 显示器的系统精度在 3D 打印模型上进行了评估。目标重叠误差测量为 AR 显示器上实际和虚拟目标之间的距离 ( n  = 336)，源自术前 CT。针覆​​盖角度测量为 AR 显示器上实际针和虚拟针 ( n = 12) 之间的角度差。三位操作员各自使用 iPhone ( n  = 8)、HoloLens ( n  = 8) 和 CT 引导徒手 ( n = 8) 引导针进入幻象中的目标。针放置误差用放置后 CT 测量。记录从穿刺到导航完成的进针时间。

结果

iPhone 的目标重叠误差与 HoloLens 相当（分别为 1.75 ± 0.59 mm、1.74 ± 0.86 mm，p  = 0.9）。iPhone 和 HoloLens 的针覆盖角度相似（分别为 0.28 ± 0.32°、0.41 ± 0.23°，p  = 0.26）。与 HoloLens 相比，iPhone 引导的针放置误差减少（分别为 2.58 ± 1.04 毫米、3.61 ± 2.25 毫米，p  = 0.05）和增加的时间（分别为 87 ± 17 秒、71 ± 27 秒，p  = 0.02） . 与 CT 引导徒手相比，两种 AR 设备都减少了放置误差（15.92 ± 8.06 mm，均p  < 0.001）。

结论

智能手机和智能眼镜设备上使用的增强现实平台可以为经皮针头干预提供准确的显示和导航指导。